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// Licensed to the .NET Foundation under one or more agreements.
// The .NET Foundation licenses this file to you under the MIT license.
using System.Collections.Concurrent;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Diagnostics;
using System.Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
namespace System.Threading.Channels
{
/// <summary>Provides a buffered channel of unbounded capacity.</summary>
[DebuggerDisplay("Items = {ItemsCountForDebugger}, Closed = {ChannelIsClosedForDebugger}")]
[DebuggerTypeProxy(typeof(DebugEnumeratorDebugView<>))]
internal sealed class UnboundedChannel<T> : Channel<T>, IDebugEnumerable<T>
{
/// <summary>Task that indicates the channel has completed.</summary>
private readonly TaskCompletionSource _completion;
/// <summary>The items in the channel.</summary>
private readonly ConcurrentQueue<T> _items = new ConcurrentQueue<T>();
/// <summary>Readers blocked reading from the channel.</summary>
private readonly Deque<AsyncOperation<T>> _blockedReaders = new Deque<AsyncOperation<T>>();
/// <summary>Whether to force continuations to be executed asynchronously from producer writes.</summary>
private readonly bool _runContinuationsAsynchronously;
/// <summary>Readers waiting for a notification that data is available.</summary>
private AsyncOperation<bool>? _waitingReadersTail;
/// <summary>Set to non-null once Complete has been called.</summary>
private Exception? _doneWriting;
/// <summary>Initialize the channel.</summary>
internal UnboundedChannel(bool runContinuationsAsynchronously)
{
_runContinuationsAsynchronously = runContinuationsAsynchronously;
_completion = new TaskCompletionSource(runContinuationsAsynchronously ? TaskCreationOptions.RunContinuationsAsynchronously : TaskCreationOptions.None);
Reader = new UnboundedChannelReader(this);
Writer = new UnboundedChannelWriter(this);
}
[DebuggerDisplay("Items = {Count}")]
[DebuggerTypeProxy(typeof(DebugEnumeratorDebugView<>))]
private sealed class UnboundedChannelReader : ChannelReader<T>, IDebugEnumerable<T>
{
internal readonly UnboundedChannel<T> _parent;
private readonly AsyncOperation<T> _readerSingleton;
private readonly AsyncOperation<bool> _waiterSingleton;
internal UnboundedChannelReader(UnboundedChannel<T> parent)
{
_parent = parent;
_readerSingleton = new AsyncOperation<T>(parent._runContinuationsAsynchronously, pooled: true);
_waiterSingleton = new AsyncOperation<bool>(parent._runContinuationsAsynchronously, pooled: true);
}
public override Task Completion => _parent._completion.Task;
public override bool CanCount => true;
public override bool CanPeek => true;
public override int Count => _parent._items.Count;
public override ValueTask<T> ReadAsync(CancellationToken cancellationToken)
{
if (cancellationToken.IsCancellationRequested)
{
return new ValueTask<T>(Task.FromCanceled<T>(cancellationToken));
}
// Dequeue an item if we can.
UnboundedChannel<T> parent = _parent;
if (parent._items.TryDequeue(out T? item))
{
CompleteIfDone(parent);
return new ValueTask<T>(item);
}
lock (parent.SyncObj)
{
parent.AssertInvariants();
// Try to dequeue again, now that we hold the lock.
if (parent._items.TryDequeue(out item))
{
CompleteIfDone(parent);
return new ValueTask<T>(item);
}
// There are no items, so if we're done writing, fail.
if (parent._doneWriting != null)
{
return ChannelUtilities.GetInvalidCompletionValueTask<T>(parent._doneWriting);
}
// If we're able to use the singleton reader, do so.
if (!cancellationToken.CanBeCanceled)
{
AsyncOperation<T> singleton = _readerSingleton;
if (singleton.TryOwnAndReset())
{
parent._blockedReaders.EnqueueTail(singleton);
return singleton.ValueTaskOfT;
}
}
// Otherwise, create and queue a reader.
var reader = new AsyncOperation<T>(parent._runContinuationsAsynchronously, cancellationToken);
parent._blockedReaders.EnqueueTail(reader);
return reader.ValueTaskOfT;
}
}
public override bool TryRead([MaybeNullWhen(false)] out T item)
{
UnboundedChannel<T> parent = _parent;
// Dequeue an item if we can
if (parent._items.TryDequeue(out item))
{
CompleteIfDone(parent);
return true;
}
item = default;
return false;
}
public override bool TryPeek([MaybeNullWhen(false)] out T item) =>
_parent._items.TryPeek(out item);
private static void CompleteIfDone(UnboundedChannel<T> parent)
{
if (parent._doneWriting != null && parent._items.IsEmpty)
{
// If we've now emptied the items queue and we're not getting any more, complete.
ChannelUtilities.Complete(parent._completion, parent._doneWriting);
}
}
public override ValueTask<bool> WaitToReadAsync(CancellationToken cancellationToken)
{
if (cancellationToken.IsCancellationRequested)
{
return new ValueTask<bool>(Task.FromCanceled<bool>(cancellationToken));
}
if (!_parent._items.IsEmpty)
{
return new ValueTask<bool>(true);
}
UnboundedChannel<T> parent = _parent;
lock (parent.SyncObj)
{
parent.AssertInvariants();
// Try again to read now that we're synchronized with writers.
if (!parent._items.IsEmpty)
{
return new ValueTask<bool>(true);
}
// There are no items, so if we're done writing, there's never going to be data available.
if (parent._doneWriting != null)
{
return parent._doneWriting != ChannelUtilities.s_doneWritingSentinel ?
new ValueTask<bool>(Task.FromException<bool>(parent._doneWriting)) :
default;
}
// If we're able to use the singleton waiter, do so.
if (!cancellationToken.CanBeCanceled)
{
AsyncOperation<bool> singleton = _waiterSingleton;
if (singleton.TryOwnAndReset())
{
ChannelUtilities.QueueWaiter(ref parent._waitingReadersTail, singleton);
return singleton.ValueTaskOfT;
}
}
// Otherwise, create and queue a waiter.
var waiter = new AsyncOperation<bool>(parent._runContinuationsAsynchronously, cancellationToken);
ChannelUtilities.QueueWaiter(ref parent._waitingReadersTail, waiter);
return waiter.ValueTaskOfT;
}
}
/// <summary>Gets an enumerator the debugger can use to show the contents of the channel.</summary>
IEnumerator<T> IDebugEnumerable<T>.GetEnumerator() => _parent._items.GetEnumerator();
}
[DebuggerDisplay("Items = {ItemsCountForDebugger}")]
[DebuggerTypeProxy(typeof(DebugEnumeratorDebugView<>))]
private sealed class UnboundedChannelWriter : ChannelWriter<T>, IDebugEnumerable<T>
{
internal readonly UnboundedChannel<T> _parent;
internal UnboundedChannelWriter(UnboundedChannel<T> parent) => _parent = parent;
public override bool TryComplete(Exception? error)
{
UnboundedChannel<T> parent = _parent;
bool completeTask;
lock (parent.SyncObj)
{
parent.AssertInvariants();
// If we've already marked the channel as completed, bail.
if (parent._doneWriting != null)
{
return false;
}
// Mark that we're done writing.
parent._doneWriting = error ?? ChannelUtilities.s_doneWritingSentinel;
completeTask = parent._items.IsEmpty;
}
// If there are no items in the queue, complete the channel's task,
// as no more data can possibly arrive at this point. We do this outside
// of the lock in case we'll be running synchronous completions, and we
// do it before completing blocked/waiting readers, so that when they
// wake up they'll see the task as being completed.
if (completeTask)
{
ChannelUtilities.Complete(parent._completion, error);
}
// At this point, _blockedReaders and _waitingReaders will not be mutated:
// they're only mutated by readers while holding the lock, and only if _doneWriting is null.
// freely manipulate _blockedReaders and _waitingReaders without any concurrency concerns.
ChannelUtilities.FailOperations<AsyncOperation<T>, T>(parent._blockedReaders, ChannelUtilities.CreateInvalidCompletionException(error));
ChannelUtilities.WakeUpWaiters(ref parent._waitingReadersTail, result: false, error: error);
// Successfully transitioned to completed.
return true;
}
public override bool TryWrite(T item)
{
UnboundedChannel<T> parent = _parent;
while (true)
{
AsyncOperation<T>? blockedReader = null;
AsyncOperation<bool>? waitingReadersTail = null;
lock (parent.SyncObj)
{
// If writing has already been marked as done, fail the write.
parent.AssertInvariants();
if (parent._doneWriting != null)
{
return false;
}
// If there aren't any blocked readers, just add the data to the queue,
// and let any waiting readers know that they should try to read it.
// We can only complete such waiters here under the lock if they run
// continuations asynchronously (otherwise the synchronous continuations
// could be invoked under the lock). If we don't complete them here, we
// need to do so outside of the lock.
if (parent._blockedReaders.IsEmpty)
{
parent._items.Enqueue(item);
waitingReadersTail = parent._waitingReadersTail;
if (waitingReadersTail == null)
{
return true;
}
parent._waitingReadersTail = null;
}
else
{
// There were blocked readers. Grab one, and then complete it outside of the lock.
blockedReader = parent._blockedReaders.DequeueHead();
}
}
if (blockedReader != null)
{
// Complete the reader. It's possible the reader was canceled, in which
// case we loop around to try everything again.
if (blockedReader.TrySetResult(item))
{
return true;
}
}
else
{
// Wake up all of the waiters. Since we've released the lock, it's possible
// we could cause some spurious wake-ups here, if we tell a waiter there's
// something available but all data has already been removed. It's a benign
// race condition, though, as consumers already need to account for such things.
ChannelUtilities.WakeUpWaiters(ref waitingReadersTail, result: true);
return true;
}
}
}
public override ValueTask<bool> WaitToWriteAsync(CancellationToken cancellationToken)
{
Exception? doneWriting = _parent._doneWriting;
return
cancellationToken.IsCancellationRequested ? new ValueTask<bool>(Task.FromCanceled<bool>(cancellationToken)) :
doneWriting == null ? new ValueTask<bool>(true) : // unbounded writing can always be done if we haven't completed
doneWriting != ChannelUtilities.s_doneWritingSentinel ? new ValueTask<bool>(Task.FromException<bool>(doneWriting)) :
default;
}
public override ValueTask WriteAsync(T item, CancellationToken cancellationToken) =>
cancellationToken.IsCancellationRequested ? new ValueTask(Task.FromCanceled(cancellationToken)) :
TryWrite(item) ? default :
new ValueTask(Task.FromException(ChannelUtilities.CreateInvalidCompletionException(_parent._doneWriting)));
/// <summary>Gets the number of items in the channel. This should only be used by the debugger.</summary>
private int ItemsCountForDebugger => _parent._items.Count;
/// <summary>Gets an enumerator the debugger can use to show the contents of the channel.</summary>
IEnumerator<T> IDebugEnumerable<T>.GetEnumerator() => _parent._items.GetEnumerator();
}
/// <summary>Gets the object used to synchronize access to all state on this instance.</summary>
private object SyncObj => _items;
[Conditional("DEBUG")]
private void AssertInvariants()
{
Debug.Assert(SyncObj != null, "The sync obj must not be null.");
Debug.Assert(Monitor.IsEntered(SyncObj), "Invariants can only be validated while holding the lock.");
if (!_items.IsEmpty)
{
if (_runContinuationsAsynchronously)
{
Debug.Assert(_blockedReaders.IsEmpty, "There's data available, so there shouldn't be any blocked readers.");
Debug.Assert(_waitingReadersTail == null, "There's data available, so there shouldn't be any waiting readers.");
}
Debug.Assert(!_completion.Task.IsCompleted, "We still have data available, so shouldn't be completed.");
}
if ((!_blockedReaders.IsEmpty || _waitingReadersTail != null) && _runContinuationsAsynchronously)
{
Debug.Assert(_items.IsEmpty, "There are blocked/waiting readers, so there shouldn't be any data available.");
}
if (_completion.Task.IsCompleted)
{
Debug.Assert(_doneWriting != null, "We're completed, so we must be done writing.");
}
}
/// <summary>Gets the number of items in the channel. This should only be used by the debugger.</summary>
private int ItemsCountForDebugger => _items.Count;
/// <summary>Report if the channel is closed or not. This should only be used by the debugger.</summary>
private bool ChannelIsClosedForDebugger => _doneWriting != null;
/// <summary>Gets an enumerator the debugger can use to show the contents of the channel.</summary>
IEnumerator<T> IDebugEnumerable<T>.GetEnumerator() => _items.GetEnumerator();
}
}
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