// Licensed to the .NET Foundation under one or more agreements.
// The .NET Foundation licenses this file to you under the MIT license.
 
using System.Buffers;
using System.Diagnostics;
using System.Runtime.CompilerServices;
 
namespace System.Collections.Generic
{
    internal ref partial struct ValueListBuilder<T>
    {
        private Span<T> _span;
        private T[]? _arrayFromPool;
        private int _pos;
 
        public ValueListBuilder(Span<T?> scratchBuffer)
        {
            _span = scratchBuffer!;
        }
 
        public ValueListBuilder(int capacity)
        {
            Grow(capacity);
        }
 
        public int Length
        {
            get => _pos;
            set
            {
                Debug.Assert(value >= 0);
                Debug.Assert(value <= _span.Length);
                _pos = value;
            }
        }
 
        public ref T this[int index]
        {
            get
            {
                Debug.Assert(index < _pos);
                return ref _span[index];
            }
        }
 
        [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
        public void Append(T item)
        {
            int pos = _pos;
 
            // Workaround for https://github.com/dotnet/runtime/issues/72004
            Span<T> span = _span;
            if ((uint)pos < (uint)span.Length)
            {
                span[pos] = item;
                _pos = pos + 1;
            }
            else
            {
                AddWithResize(item);
            }
        }
 
        [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
        public void Append(scoped ReadOnlySpan<T> source)
        {
            int pos = _pos;
            Span<T> span = _span;
            if (source.Length == 1 && (uint)pos < (uint)span.Length)
            {
                span[pos] = source[0];
                _pos = pos + 1;
            }
            else
            {
                AppendMultiChar(source);
            }
        }
 
        [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.NoInlining)]
        private void AppendMultiChar(scoped ReadOnlySpan<T> source)
        {
            if ((uint)(_pos + source.Length) > (uint)_span.Length)
            {
                Grow(_span.Length - _pos + source.Length);
            }
 
            source.CopyTo(_span.Slice(_pos));
            _pos += source.Length;
        }
 
        public void Insert(int index, scoped ReadOnlySpan<T> source)
        {
            Debug.Assert(index == 0, "Implementation currently only supports index == 0");
 
            if ((uint)(_pos + source.Length) > (uint)_span.Length)
            {
                Grow(source.Length);
            }
 
            _span.Slice(0, _pos).CopyTo(_span.Slice(source.Length));
            source.CopyTo(_span);
            _pos += source.Length;
        }
 
        [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
        public Span<T> AppendSpan(int length)
        {
            Debug.Assert(length >= 0);
 
            int pos = _pos;
            Span<T> span = _span;
            if ((ulong)(uint)pos + (ulong)(uint)length <= (ulong)(uint)span.Length) // same guard condition as in Span<T>.Slice on 64-bit
            {
                _pos = pos + length;
                return span.Slice(pos, length);
            }
            else
            {
                return AppendSpanWithGrow(length);
            }
        }
 
        [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.NoInlining)]
        private Span<T> AppendSpanWithGrow(int length)
        {
            int pos = _pos;
            Grow(_span.Length - pos + length);
            _pos += length;
            return _span.Slice(pos, length);
        }
 
        // Hide uncommon path
        [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.NoInlining)]
        private void AddWithResize(T item)
        {
            Debug.Assert(_pos == _span.Length);
            int pos = _pos;
            Grow(1);
            _span[pos] = item;
            _pos = pos + 1;
        }
 
        public ReadOnlySpan<T> AsSpan()
        {
            return _span.Slice(0, _pos);
        }
 
        public bool TryCopyTo(Span<T> destination, out int itemsWritten)
        {
            if (_span.Slice(0, _pos).TryCopyTo(destination))
            {
                itemsWritten = _pos;
                return true;
            }
 
            itemsWritten = 0;
            return false;
        }
 
        [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
        public void Dispose()
        {
            T[]? toReturn = _arrayFromPool;
            if (toReturn != null)
            {
                _arrayFromPool = null;
                ArrayPool<T>.Shared.Return(toReturn);
            }
        }
 
        // Note that consuming implementations depend on the list only growing if it's absolutely
        // required.  If the list is already large enough to hold the additional items be added,
        // it must not grow. The list is used in a number of places where the reference is checked
        // and it's expected to match the initial reference provided to the constructor if that
        // span was sufficiently large.
        private void Grow(int additionalCapacityRequired = 1)
        {
            const int ArrayMaxLength = 0x7FFFFFC7; // same as Array.MaxLength
 
            // Double the size of the span.  If it's currently empty, default to size 4,
            // although it'll be increased in Rent to the pool's minimum bucket size.
            int nextCapacity = Math.Max(_span.Length != 0 ? _span.Length * 2 : 4, _span.Length + additionalCapacityRequired);
 
            // If the computed doubled capacity exceeds the possible length of an array, then we
            // want to downgrade to either the maximum array length if that's large enough to hold
            // an additional item, or the current length + 1 if it's larger than the max length, in
            // which case it'll result in an OOM when calling Rent below.  In the exceedingly rare
            // case where _span.Length is already int.MaxValue (in which case it couldn't be a managed
            // array), just use that same value again and let it OOM in Rent as well.
            if ((uint)nextCapacity > ArrayMaxLength)
            {
                nextCapacity = Math.Max(Math.Max(_span.Length + 1, ArrayMaxLength), _span.Length);
            }
 
            T[] array = ArrayPool<T>.Shared.Rent(nextCapacity);
            _span.CopyTo(array);
 
            T[]? toReturn = _arrayFromPool;
            _span = _arrayFromPool = array;
            if (toReturn != null)
            {
                ArrayPool<T>.Shared.Return(toReturn);
            }
        }
    }
}