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// Licensed to the .NET Foundation under one or more agreements.
// The .NET Foundation licenses this file to you under the MIT license.
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Diagnostics;
using System.Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis;
using System.Text.Json.Nodes;
using System.Text.Json.Serialization;
using System.Text.Json.Serialization.Metadata;
namespace System.Text.Json
{
public static partial class JsonSerializer
{
internal const string IdPropertyName = "$id";
internal const string RefPropertyName = "$ref";
internal const string TypePropertyName = "$type";
internal const string ValuesPropertyName = "$values";
private static readonly byte[] s_idPropertyName = "$id"u8.ToArray();
private static readonly byte[] s_refPropertyName = "$ref"u8.ToArray();
private static readonly byte[] s_typePropertyName = "$type"u8.ToArray();
private static readonly byte[] s_valuesPropertyName = "$values"u8.ToArray();
internal static bool TryReadMetadata(JsonConverter converter, JsonTypeInfo jsonTypeInfo, ref Utf8JsonReader reader, scoped ref ReadStack state)
{
Debug.Assert(state.Current.ObjectState == StackFrameObjectState.StartToken);
Debug.Assert(state.Current.CanContainMetadata);
Utf8JsonReader checkpoint;
bool allowOutOfOrderMetadata = jsonTypeInfo.Options.AllowOutOfOrderMetadataProperties;
bool isReadingAheadOfNonMetadataProperties = false;
if (allowOutOfOrderMetadata && !reader.IsFinalBlock)
{
// When reading ahead for metadata properties, we need to make sure
// that the entire object has been buffered so that we can roll back
// the reader state when the read-ahead has been completed.
checkpoint = reader;
if (!checkpoint.TrySkipPartial())
{
return false;
}
}
else
{
// Checkpointing not used in this mode.
checkpoint = default;
}
while (true)
{
if (state.Current.PropertyState == StackFramePropertyState.None)
{
// Read the property name.
if (!reader.Read())
{
Debug.Assert(!allowOutOfOrderMetadata, "Object must have already been buffered in this mode.");
return false;
}
state.Current.PropertyState = StackFramePropertyState.ReadName;
}
if (state.Current.PropertyState < StackFramePropertyState.Name)
{
if (reader.TokenType == JsonTokenType.EndObject)
{
// Read the entire object while parsing for metadata.
goto Done;
}
// We just read a property. The only valid next tokens are EndObject and PropertyName.
Debug.Assert(reader.TokenType == JsonTokenType.PropertyName);
if ((state.Current.MetadataPropertyNames & MetadataPropertyName.Ref) != 0)
{
// No properties whatsoever should follow a $ref property.
ThrowHelper.ThrowJsonException_MetadataReferenceObjectCannotContainOtherProperties(reader.GetUnescapedSpan(), ref state);
}
ReadOnlySpan<byte> propertyName = reader.GetUnescapedSpan();
switch (state.Current.LatestMetadataPropertyName = GetMetadataPropertyName(propertyName, jsonTypeInfo.PolymorphicTypeResolver))
{
case MetadataPropertyName.Id:
state.Current.JsonPropertyName = s_idPropertyName;
if (state.ReferenceResolver is null)
{
// Found an $id property in a type that doesn't support reference preservation
ThrowHelper.ThrowJsonException_MetadataUnexpectedProperty(propertyName, ref state);
}
if ((state.Current.MetadataPropertyNames & (MetadataPropertyName.Id | MetadataPropertyName.Ref)) != 0)
{
// No $id or $ref properties should precede $id properties.
ThrowHelper.ThrowJsonException_MetadataIdCannotBeCombinedWithRef(propertyName, ref state);
}
if (!converter.CanHaveMetadata)
{
// Should not be permitted unless the converter is capable of handling metadata.
ThrowHelper.ThrowJsonException_MetadataCannotParsePreservedObjectIntoImmutable(converter.Type!);
}
break;
case MetadataPropertyName.Ref:
state.Current.JsonPropertyName = s_refPropertyName;
if (state.ReferenceResolver is null)
{
// Found a $ref property in a type that doesn't support reference preservation
ThrowHelper.ThrowJsonException_MetadataUnexpectedProperty(propertyName, ref state);
}
if (converter.IsValueType)
{
// Should not be permitted if the converter is a struct.
ThrowHelper.ThrowJsonException_MetadataInvalidReferenceToValueType(converter.Type!);
}
if (state.Current.MetadataPropertyNames != 0 || isReadingAheadOfNonMetadataProperties)
{
// No properties should precede a $ref property.
ThrowHelper.ThrowJsonException_MetadataReferenceObjectCannotContainOtherProperties(reader.GetUnescapedSpan(), ref state);
}
break;
case MetadataPropertyName.Type:
state.Current.JsonPropertyName = jsonTypeInfo.PolymorphicTypeResolver?.CustomTypeDiscriminatorPropertyNameUtf8 ?? s_typePropertyName;
if (jsonTypeInfo.PolymorphicTypeResolver is null)
{
// Found a $type property in a type that doesn't support polymorphism
ThrowHelper.ThrowJsonException_MetadataUnexpectedProperty(propertyName, ref state);
}
if (state.PolymorphicTypeDiscriminator != null)
{
// Found a duplicate $type property.
ThrowHelper.ThrowJsonException_DuplicateMetadataProperty(state.Current.JsonPropertyName);
}
break;
case MetadataPropertyName.Values:
state.Current.JsonPropertyName = s_valuesPropertyName;
if ((state.Current.MetadataPropertyNames & MetadataPropertyName.Values) != 0)
{
// Found a duplicate $values property.
ThrowHelper.ThrowJsonException_DuplicateMetadataProperty(s_valuesPropertyName);
}
if (isReadingAheadOfNonMetadataProperties)
{
// Cannot combine a $values property with other non-metadata properties.
ThrowHelper.ThrowJsonException_MetadataInvalidPropertyInArrayMetadata(ref state, jsonTypeInfo.Type, reader);
}
break;
default:
Debug.Assert(state.Current.LatestMetadataPropertyName == MetadataPropertyName.None);
// Encountered a non-metadata property
if (allowOutOfOrderMetadata)
{
if (!isReadingAheadOfNonMetadataProperties)
{
// This is the first non-metadata property, checkpoint the current reader state.
isReadingAheadOfNonMetadataProperties = true;
checkpoint = reader;
}
if ((state.Current.MetadataPropertyNames & MetadataPropertyName.Values) != 0)
{
// Cannot combine a $values property with other non-metadata properties.
ThrowHelper.ThrowJsonException_MetadataInvalidPropertyInArrayMetadata(ref state, jsonTypeInfo.Type, reader);
}
if (IsMetadataPropertyName(propertyName, resolver: null))
{
// properties starting with '$' are reserved for metadata
ThrowHelper.ThrowUnexpectedMetadataException(propertyName, ref reader, ref state);
}
break;
}
else
{
// Exit immediately if no read-ahead is enabled.
goto Done;
}
}
state.Current.PropertyState = StackFramePropertyState.Name;
}
if (state.Current.PropertyState < StackFramePropertyState.ReadValue)
{
// Read the property value.
if (!reader.Read())
{
Debug.Assert(!allowOutOfOrderMetadata, "Object must have already been buffered in this mode.");
return false;
}
state.Current.PropertyState = StackFramePropertyState.ReadValue;
}
Debug.Assert(state.Current.PropertyState == StackFramePropertyState.ReadValue);
switch (state.Current.LatestMetadataPropertyName)
{
case MetadataPropertyName.Id:
if (reader.TokenType != JsonTokenType.String)
{
ThrowHelper.ThrowJsonException_MetadataValueWasNotString(reader.TokenType);
}
if (state.ReferenceId != null)
{
ThrowHelper.ThrowNotSupportedException_ObjectWithParameterizedCtorRefMetadataNotSupported(s_refPropertyName, ref reader, ref state);
}
state.ReferenceId = reader.GetString();
break;
case MetadataPropertyName.Ref:
if (reader.TokenType != JsonTokenType.String)
{
ThrowHelper.ThrowJsonException_MetadataValueWasNotString(reader.TokenType);
}
if (state.ReferenceId != null)
{
ThrowHelper.ThrowNotSupportedException_ObjectWithParameterizedCtorRefMetadataNotSupported(s_refPropertyName, ref reader, ref state);
}
state.ReferenceId = reader.GetString();
break;
case MetadataPropertyName.Type:
Debug.Assert(state.PolymorphicTypeDiscriminator == null);
switch (reader.TokenType)
{
case JsonTokenType.String:
state.PolymorphicTypeDiscriminator = reader.GetString();
break;
case JsonTokenType.Number:
state.PolymorphicTypeDiscriminator = reader.GetInt32();
break;
default:
ThrowHelper.ThrowJsonException_MetadataValueWasNotString(reader.TokenType);
break;
}
break;
case MetadataPropertyName.Values:
if (reader.TokenType != JsonTokenType.StartArray)
{
ThrowHelper.ThrowJsonException_MetadataValuesInvalidToken(reader.TokenType);
}
if (allowOutOfOrderMetadata)
{
// The $values property contains the collection payload,
// checkpoint the current reader and continue the read-ahead.
Debug.Assert(!isReadingAheadOfNonMetadataProperties, "must have already verified if non-metadata properties precede $values");
isReadingAheadOfNonMetadataProperties = true;
checkpoint = reader;
reader.SkipWithVerify();
}
else
{
state.Current.MetadataPropertyNames |= MetadataPropertyName.Values;
state.Current.PropertyState = StackFramePropertyState.None;
goto Done; // "$values" property contains the nested payload, exit the metadata reader now.
}
break;
default:
Debug.Assert(state.Current.LatestMetadataPropertyName == MetadataPropertyName.None);
Debug.Assert(allowOutOfOrderMetadata, "should only be reached if reading ahead is required.");
reader.SkipWithVerify();
break;
}
state.Current.MetadataPropertyNames |= state.Current.LatestMetadataPropertyName;
state.Current.PropertyState = StackFramePropertyState.None;
state.Current.JsonPropertyName = null;
}
Done:
if (state.Current.MetadataPropertyNames is MetadataPropertyName.Values)
{
// Cannot have a $values property unless there are other metadata properties.
ThrowHelper.ThrowJsonException_MetadataStandaloneValuesProperty(ref state, s_valuesPropertyName);
}
if (isReadingAheadOfNonMetadataProperties)
{
// Roll back the reader state to the first non-metadata property.
reader = checkpoint;
}
return true;
}
internal static bool IsMetadataPropertyName(ReadOnlySpan<byte> propertyName, PolymorphicTypeResolver? resolver)
{
return
(propertyName.Length > 0 && propertyName[0] == '$') ||
(resolver?.CustomTypeDiscriminatorPropertyNameUtf8?.AsSpan().SequenceEqual(propertyName) == true);
}
internal static MetadataPropertyName GetMetadataPropertyName(ReadOnlySpan<byte> propertyName, PolymorphicTypeResolver? resolver)
{
if (propertyName.Length > 0 && propertyName[0] == '$')
{
switch (propertyName.Length)
{
case 3:
if (propertyName[1] == 'i' &&
propertyName[2] == 'd')
{
return MetadataPropertyName.Id;
}
break;
case 4:
if (propertyName[1] == 'r' &&
propertyName[2] == 'e' &&
propertyName[3] == 'f')
{
return MetadataPropertyName.Ref;
}
break;
case 5 when resolver?.CustomTypeDiscriminatorPropertyNameUtf8 is null:
if (propertyName[1] == 't' &&
propertyName[2] == 'y' &&
propertyName[3] == 'p' &&
propertyName[4] == 'e')
{
return MetadataPropertyName.Type;
}
break;
case 7:
if (propertyName[1] == 'v' &&
propertyName[2] == 'a' &&
propertyName[3] == 'l' &&
propertyName[4] == 'u' &&
propertyName[5] == 'e' &&
propertyName[6] == 's')
{
return MetadataPropertyName.Values;
}
break;
}
}
if (resolver?.CustomTypeDiscriminatorPropertyNameUtf8 is byte[] customTypeDiscriminator &&
propertyName.SequenceEqual(customTypeDiscriminator))
{
return MetadataPropertyName.Type;
}
return MetadataPropertyName.None;
}
internal static bool TryHandleReferenceFromJsonElement(
ref Utf8JsonReader reader,
scoped ref ReadStack state,
JsonElement element,
[NotNullWhen(true)] out object? referenceValue)
{
bool refMetadataFound = false;
referenceValue = default;
if (element.ValueKind == JsonValueKind.Object)
{
int propertyCount = 0;
foreach (JsonProperty property in element.EnumerateObject())
{
propertyCount++;
if (refMetadataFound)
{
// There are more properties in an object with $ref.
ThrowHelper.ThrowJsonException_MetadataReferenceObjectCannotContainOtherProperties();
}
else if (property.EscapedNameEquals(s_idPropertyName))
{
if (state.ReferenceId != null)
{
ThrowHelper.ThrowNotSupportedException_ObjectWithParameterizedCtorRefMetadataNotSupported(s_refPropertyName, ref reader, ref state);
}
if (property.Value.ValueKind != JsonValueKind.String)
{
ThrowHelper.ThrowJsonException_MetadataValueWasNotString(property.Value.ValueKind);
}
object boxedElement = element;
state.ReferenceResolver.AddReference(property.Value.GetString()!, boxedElement);
referenceValue = boxedElement;
return true;
}
else if (property.EscapedNameEquals(s_refPropertyName))
{
if (state.ReferenceId != null)
{
ThrowHelper.ThrowNotSupportedException_ObjectWithParameterizedCtorRefMetadataNotSupported(s_refPropertyName, ref reader, ref state);
}
if (propertyCount > 1)
{
// $ref was found but there were other properties before.
ThrowHelper.ThrowJsonException_MetadataReferenceObjectCannotContainOtherProperties();
}
if (property.Value.ValueKind != JsonValueKind.String)
{
ThrowHelper.ThrowJsonException_MetadataValueWasNotString(property.Value.ValueKind);
}
referenceValue = state.ReferenceResolver.ResolveReference(property.Value.GetString()!);
refMetadataFound = true;
}
}
}
return refMetadataFound;
}
internal static bool TryHandleReferenceFromJsonNode(
ref Utf8JsonReader reader,
scoped ref ReadStack state,
JsonNode? jsonNode,
[NotNullWhen(true)] out object? referenceValue)
{
bool refMetadataFound = false;
referenceValue = default;
if (jsonNode is JsonObject jsonObject)
{
int propertyCount = 0;
foreach (KeyValuePair<string, JsonNode?> property in jsonObject)
{
propertyCount++;
if (refMetadataFound)
{
// There are more properties in an object with $ref.
ThrowHelper.ThrowJsonException_MetadataReferenceObjectCannotContainOtherProperties();
}
else if (property.Key == "$id")
{
if (state.ReferenceId != null)
{
ThrowHelper.ThrowNotSupportedException_ObjectWithParameterizedCtorRefMetadataNotSupported(s_refPropertyName, ref reader, ref state);
}
string referenceId = ReadAsStringMetadataValue(property.Value);
state.ReferenceResolver.AddReference(referenceId, jsonNode);
referenceValue = jsonNode;
return true;
}
else if (property.Key == "$ref")
{
if (state.ReferenceId != null)
{
ThrowHelper.ThrowNotSupportedException_ObjectWithParameterizedCtorRefMetadataNotSupported(s_refPropertyName, ref reader, ref state);
}
if (propertyCount > 1)
{
// $ref was found but there were other properties before.
ThrowHelper.ThrowJsonException_MetadataReferenceObjectCannotContainOtherProperties();
}
string referenceId = ReadAsStringMetadataValue(property.Value);
referenceValue = state.ReferenceResolver.ResolveReference(referenceId);
refMetadataFound = true;
}
static string ReadAsStringMetadataValue(JsonNode? jsonNode)
{
if (jsonNode is JsonValue jsonValue &&
jsonValue.TryGetValue(out string? value) &&
value is not null)
{
return value;
}
JsonValueKind metadataValueKind = jsonNode switch
{
null => JsonValueKind.Null,
JsonObject => JsonValueKind.Object,
JsonArray => JsonValueKind.Array,
JsonValue<JsonElement> element => element.Value.ValueKind,
_ => JsonValueKind.Undefined,
};
Debug.Assert(metadataValueKind != JsonValueKind.Undefined);
ThrowHelper.ThrowJsonException_MetadataValueWasNotString(metadataValueKind);
return null!;
}
}
}
return refMetadataFound;
}
internal static void ValidateMetadataForObjectConverter(ref ReadStack state)
{
if ((state.Current.MetadataPropertyNames & MetadataPropertyName.Values) != 0)
{
// Object converters do not support $values metadata.
ThrowHelper.ThrowJsonException_MetadataUnexpectedProperty(s_valuesPropertyName, ref state);
}
}
internal static void ValidateMetadataForArrayConverter(JsonConverter converter, ref Utf8JsonReader reader, scoped ref ReadStack state)
{
switch (reader.TokenType)
{
case JsonTokenType.StartArray:
Debug.Assert(state.Current.MetadataPropertyNames is MetadataPropertyName.None || state.Current.MetadataPropertyNames.HasFlag(MetadataPropertyName.Values));
break;
case JsonTokenType.EndObject:
if (state.Current.MetadataPropertyNames != MetadataPropertyName.Ref)
{
// Read the entire JSON object while parsing for metadata: for collection converters this is only legal for $ref nodes.
ThrowHelper.ThrowJsonException_MetadataPreservedArrayValuesNotFound(ref state, converter.Type!);
}
break;
default:
Debug.Assert(reader.TokenType == JsonTokenType.PropertyName);
// Do not tolerate non-metadata properties in collection converters.
ThrowHelper.ThrowJsonException_MetadataInvalidPropertyInArrayMetadata(ref state, converter.Type!, reader);
break;
}
}
internal static T ResolveReferenceId<T>(ref ReadStack state)
{
Debug.Assert(!typeof(T).IsValueType);
Debug.Assert(state.ReferenceId != null);
string referenceId = state.ReferenceId;
object value = state.ReferenceResolver.ResolveReference(referenceId);
state.ReferenceId = null;
try
{
return (T)value;
}
catch (InvalidCastException)
{
ThrowHelper.ThrowInvalidOperationException_MetadataReferenceOfTypeCannotBeAssignedToType(
referenceId, value.GetType(), typeof(T));
return default!;
}
}
}
}
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