// Licensed to the .NET Foundation under one or more agreements.
// The .NET Foundation licenses this file to you under the MIT license.

using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.ComponentModel;
using System.Diagnostics;
using System.Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis;
using System.IO;
using System.Reflection;
using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
using System.Runtime.InteropServices.Marshalling;
using System.Security;
using System.Threading;

namespace System.Runtime.Loader
{
    public partial class AssemblyLoadContext
    {
        // Keep in sync with MonoAssemblyLoadContextInternalState in object-internals.h
        private enum InternalState
        {
            /// <summary>
            /// The ALC is alive (default)
            /// </summary>
            Alive,

            /// <summary>
            /// The unload process has started, the Unloading event will be called
            /// once the underlying LoaderAllocator has been finalized
            /// </summary>
            Unloading
        }

        private static Dictionary<long, WeakReference<AssemblyLoadContext>>? s_allContexts;
        private static long s_nextId;

        [MemberNotNull(nameof(s_allContexts))]
        private static Dictionary<long, WeakReference<AssemblyLoadContext>> AllContexts =>
            s_allContexts ??
            Interlocked.CompareExchange(ref s_allContexts, new Dictionary<long, WeakReference<AssemblyLoadContext>>(), null) ??
            s_allContexts;

#region private data members
        // If you modify this field, you must also update the
        // AssemblyLoadContextBaseObject structure in object.h
        // and MonoAssemblyLoadContext in object-internals.h

        // Contains the reference to VM's representation of the AssemblyLoadContext
        private readonly IntPtr _nativeAssemblyLoadContext;
#endregion

        // synchronization primitive to protect against usage of this instance while unloading
        private readonly object _unloadLock;

        private event Func<Assembly, string, IntPtr>? _resolvingUnmanagedDll;

        private event Func<AssemblyLoadContext, AssemblyName, Assembly>? _resolving;

        private event Action<AssemblyLoadContext>? _unloading;

        private readonly string? _name;

        // Id used by s_allContexts
        private readonly long _id;

        // Indicates the state of this ALC (Alive or in Unloading state)
        private InternalState _state;

        private readonly bool _isCollectible;

        protected AssemblyLoadContext() : this(false, false, null)
        {
        }

        protected AssemblyLoadContext(bool isCollectible) : this(false, isCollectible, null)
        {
        }

        public AssemblyLoadContext(string? name, bool isCollectible = false) : this(false, isCollectible, name)
        {
        }

        private protected AssemblyLoadContext(bool representsTPALoadContext, bool isCollectible, string? name)
        {
            // Initialize the VM side of AssemblyLoadContext if not already done.
            _isCollectible = isCollectible;

            _name = name;

            // The _unloadLock needs to be assigned after the IsCollectible to ensure proper behavior of the finalizer
            // even in case the following allocation fails or the thread is aborted between these two lines.
            _unloadLock = new object();

            if (!isCollectible)
            {
                // For non collectible AssemblyLoadContext, the finalizer should never be called and thus the AssemblyLoadContext should not
                // be on the finalizer queue.
                GC.SuppressFinalize(this);
            }

            // If this is a collectible ALC, we are creating a weak handle tracking resurrection otherwise we use a strong handle
            var thisHandle = GCHandle.Alloc(this, IsCollectible ? GCHandleType.WeakTrackResurrection : GCHandleType.Normal);
            var thisHandlePtr = GCHandle.ToIntPtr(thisHandle);
            _nativeAssemblyLoadContext = InitializeAssemblyLoadContext(thisHandlePtr, representsTPALoadContext, isCollectible);

            // Add this instance to the list of alive ALC
            Dictionary<long, WeakReference<AssemblyLoadContext>> allContexts = AllContexts;
            lock (allContexts)
            {
                _id = s_nextId++;
                allContexts.Add(_id, new WeakReference<AssemblyLoadContext>(this, true));
            }
        }

        ~AssemblyLoadContext()
        {
            // Use the _unloadLock as a guard to detect the corner case when the constructor of the AssemblyLoadContext was not executed
            // e.g. due to the JIT failing to JIT it.
            if (_unloadLock != null)
            {
                // Only valid for a Collectible ALC. Non-collectible ALCs have the finalizer suppressed.
                Debug.Assert(IsCollectible);
                // We get here only in case the explicit Unload was not initiated.
                Debug.Assert(_state != InternalState.Unloading);
                InitiateUnload();
            }
        }

        private void RaiseUnloadEvent()
        {
            // Ensure that we raise the Unload event only once
            Interlocked.Exchange(ref _unloading, null!)?.Invoke(this);
        }

        private void InitiateUnload()
        {
            RaiseUnloadEvent();

            InternalState previousState;

            // When in Unloading state, we are not supposed to be called on the finalizer
            // as the native side is holding a strong reference after calling Unload
            lock (_unloadLock)
            {
                previousState = _state;
                if (previousState == InternalState.Alive)
                {
                    var thisStrongHandle = GCHandle.Alloc(this, GCHandleType.Normal);
                    var thisStrongHandlePtr = GCHandle.ToIntPtr(thisStrongHandle);
                    // The underlying code will transform the original weak handle
                    // created by InitializeLoadContext to a strong handle
                    PrepareForAssemblyLoadContextRelease(_nativeAssemblyLoadContext, thisStrongHandlePtr);

                    _state = InternalState.Unloading;
                }
            }

            if (previousState == InternalState.Alive)
            {
                Dictionary<long, WeakReference<AssemblyLoadContext>> allContexts = AllContexts;
                lock (allContexts)
                {
                    allContexts.Remove(_id);
                }
            }
        }

        public IEnumerable<Assembly> Assemblies
        {
            get
            {
                foreach (Assembly a in GetLoadedAssemblies())
                {
                    AssemblyLoadContext? alc = GetLoadContext(a);

                    if (alc == this)
                    {
                        yield return a;
                    }
                }
            }
        }

        // Event handler for resolving native libraries.
        // This event is raised if the native library could not be resolved via
        // the default resolution logic [including AssemblyLoadContext.LoadUnmanagedDll()]
        //
        // Inputs: Invoking assembly, and library name to resolve
        // Returns: A handle to the loaded native library
        public event Func<Assembly, string, IntPtr>? ResolvingUnmanagedDll
        {
#if MONO
            [DynamicDependency(nameof(MonoResolveUnmanagedDllUsingEvent))]
#endif
            add
            {
                _resolvingUnmanagedDll += value;
            }
            remove
            {
                _resolvingUnmanagedDll -= value;
            }
        }

        // Event handler for resolving managed assemblies.
        // This event is raised if the managed assembly could not be resolved via
        // the default resolution logic [including AssemblyLoadContext.Load()]
        //
        // Inputs: The AssemblyLoadContext and AssemblyName to be loaded
        // Returns: The Loaded assembly object.
        public event Func<AssemblyLoadContext, AssemblyName, Assembly?>? Resolving
        {
#if MONO
            [DynamicDependency(nameof(MonoResolveUsingResolvingEvent))]
#endif
            add
            {
                _resolving += value;
            }
            remove
            {
                _resolving -= value;
            }
        }

        public event Action<AssemblyLoadContext>? Unloading
        {
            add
            {
                _unloading += value;
            }
            remove
            {
                _unloading -= value;
            }
        }

#region AppDomainEvents
        // Occurs when an Assembly is loaded
#if MONO
        [method: DynamicDependency(nameof(OnAssemblyLoad))]
#endif
        internal static event AssemblyLoadEventHandler? AssemblyLoad;

        // Occurs when resolution of type fails
#if MONO
        [method: DynamicDependency(nameof(OnTypeResolve))]
#endif
        internal static event ResolveEventHandler? TypeResolve;

        // Occurs when resolution of resource fails
#if MONO
        [method: DynamicDependency(nameof(OnResourceResolve))]
#endif
        internal static event ResolveEventHandler? ResourceResolve;

        // Occurs when resolution of assembly fails
        // This event is fired after resolve events of AssemblyLoadContext fails
#if MONO
        [method: DynamicDependency(nameof(OnAssemblyResolve))]
#endif
        internal static event ResolveEventHandler? AssemblyResolve;
#endregion

        public static AssemblyLoadContext Default => DefaultAssemblyLoadContext.s_loadContext;

        public bool IsCollectible => _isCollectible;

        public string? Name => _name;

        public override string ToString() => $"\"{Name}\" {GetType()} #{_id}";

        public static IEnumerable<AssemblyLoadContext> All
        {
            get
            {
                _ = Default; // Ensure default is initialized

                Dictionary<long, WeakReference<AssemblyLoadContext>>? allContexts = s_allContexts;
                Debug.Assert(allContexts != null, "Creating the default context should have initialized the contexts collection.");

                WeakReference<AssemblyLoadContext>[] alcSnapshot;
                lock (allContexts)
                {
                    // To make this thread safe we need a quick snapshot while locked
                    alcSnapshot = new WeakReference<AssemblyLoadContext>[allContexts.Count];
                    int pos = 0;
                    foreach (KeyValuePair<long, WeakReference<AssemblyLoadContext>> item in allContexts)
                    {
                        alcSnapshot[pos++] = item.Value;
                    }
                }

                foreach (WeakReference<AssemblyLoadContext> weakAlc in alcSnapshot)
                {
                    if (weakAlc.TryGetTarget(out AssemblyLoadContext? alc))
                    {
                        yield return alc;
                    }
                }
            }
        }

        // Helper to return AssemblyName corresponding to the path of an IL assembly
        public static AssemblyName GetAssemblyName(string assemblyPath)
        {
            ArgumentNullException.ThrowIfNull(assemblyPath);

            return AssemblyName.GetAssemblyName(assemblyPath);
        }

        // Callback that, when set, can override the value returned by Assembly.Location.
        private static Func<Assembly, string, string>? s_assemblyLocationOverride;

        /// <summary>
        /// Sets a process-wide callback that overrides the value returned by <see cref="Assembly.Location"/>.
        /// </summary>
        /// <remarks>
        /// The callback can only be set once for the lifetime of the process. The callback should not
        /// call <see cref="Assembly.Location"/> on the provided assembly to avoid recursion.
        /// </remarks>
        /// <param name="locationOverride">
        /// A callback that receives an <see cref="Assembly"/> and the location the runtime computed for it, and
        /// returns the value that <see cref="Assembly.Location"/> should report.
        /// </param>
        /// <exception cref="ArgumentNullException"><paramref name="locationOverride"/> is <see langword="null"/>.</exception>
        /// <exception cref="InvalidOperationException">The location override has already been set.</exception>
        public static void SetAssemblyLocationOverride(Func<Assembly, string, string> locationOverride)
        {
            ArgumentNullException.ThrowIfNull(locationOverride);

            if (Interlocked.CompareExchange(ref s_assemblyLocationOverride, locationOverride, null) is not null)
            {
                throw new InvalidOperationException(SR.InvalidOperation_AssemblyLocationOverrideAlreadySet);
            }
        }

        // Applies the location override callback (if any) to the location the runtime computed for the assembly.
        // Called from each runtime's RuntimeAssembly.Location implementation.
        internal static string ResolveAssemblyLocation(Assembly assembly, string originalLocation)
        {
            Func<Assembly, string, string>? locationOverride = s_assemblyLocationOverride;
            if (locationOverride is null)
            {
                return originalLocation;
            }

            return locationOverride(assembly, originalLocation);
        }

        // Custom AssemblyLoadContext implementations can override this
        // method to perform custom processing and use one of the protected
        // helpers above to load the assembly.
        protected virtual Assembly? Load(AssemblyName assemblyName)
        {
            return null;
        }

#if !NATIVEAOT
        [DynamicSecurityMethod] // Methods containing StackCrawlMark local var has to be marked DynamicSecurityMethod
        public Assembly LoadFromAssemblyName(AssemblyName assemblyName)
        {
            ArgumentNullException.ThrowIfNull(assemblyName);

            // Attempt to load the assembly, using the same ordering as static load, in the current load context.
            StackCrawlMark stackMark = StackCrawlMark.LookForMyCaller;
            return RuntimeAssembly.InternalLoad(assemblyName, ref stackMark, this);
        }
#endif

        // These methods load assemblies into the current AssemblyLoadContext
        // They may be used in the implementation of an AssemblyLoadContext derivation
        [RequiresUnreferencedCode("Types and members the loaded assembly depends on might be removed")]
        public Assembly LoadFromAssemblyPath(string assemblyPath)
        {
            ArgumentNullException.ThrowIfNull(assemblyPath);

            if (PathInternal.IsPartiallyQualified(assemblyPath))
            {
                throw new ArgumentException(SR.Format(SR.Argument_AbsolutePathRequired, assemblyPath), nameof(assemblyPath));
            }

            lock (_unloadLock)
            {
                VerifyIsAlive();

                return InternalLoadFromPath(assemblyPath);
            }
        }

        [RequiresUnreferencedCode("Types and members the loaded assembly depends on might be removed")]
        public Assembly LoadFromNativeImagePath(string nativeImagePath, string? assemblyPath)
        {
            ArgumentNullException.ThrowIfNull(nativeImagePath);

            if (PathInternal.IsPartiallyQualified(nativeImagePath))
            {
                throw new ArgumentException(SR.Format(SR.Argument_AbsolutePathRequired, nativeImagePath), nameof(nativeImagePath));
            }

            if (assemblyPath != null && PathInternal.IsPartiallyQualified(assemblyPath))
            {
                throw new ArgumentException(SR.Format(SR.Argument_AbsolutePathRequired, assemblyPath), nameof(assemblyPath));
            }

            lock (_unloadLock)
            {
                VerifyIsAlive();

                return InternalLoadFromPath(assemblyPath);
            }
        }

        [RequiresUnreferencedCode("Types and members the loaded assembly depends on might be removed")]
        public Assembly LoadFromStream(Stream assembly)
        {
            return LoadFromStream(assembly, null);
        }

        [RequiresUnreferencedCode("Types and members the loaded assembly depends on might be removed")]
        public Assembly LoadFromStream(Stream assembly, Stream? assemblySymbols)
        {
            ArgumentNullException.ThrowIfNull(assembly);

            ReadOnlySpan<byte> spanAssembly = ReadAllBytes(assembly);
            if (spanAssembly.IsEmpty)
            {
                throw new BadImageFormatException(SR.BadImageFormat_EmptyAssembly);
            }

            // Read the symbol stream if provided
            ReadOnlySpan<byte> spanSymbols = default;
            if (assemblySymbols != null)
            {
                spanSymbols = ReadAllBytes(assemblySymbols);
            }

            lock (_unloadLock)
            {
                VerifyIsAlive();

                return InternalLoad(spanAssembly, spanSymbols);
            }

            static ReadOnlySpan<byte> ReadAllBytes(Stream stream)
            {
                if (stream.GetType() == typeof(MemoryStream) && ((MemoryStream)stream).TryGetBuffer(out ArraySegment<byte> memoryStreamBuffer))
                {
                    int position = (int)stream.Position;
                    // Simulate that we read the stream to its end.
                    stream.Seek(0, SeekOrigin.End);
                    return memoryStreamBuffer.AsSpan(position);
                }

                long length = stream.Length - stream.Position;

                if (length == 0)
                {
                    return ReadOnlySpan<byte>.Empty;
                }

                if (((ulong)length) > (ulong)Array.MaxLength)
                {
                    throw new BadImageFormatException(SR.BadImageFormat_BadILFormat);
                }

                byte[] bytes = GC.AllocateUninitializedArray<byte>((int)length);

                // Copy the stream to the byte array
                stream.ReadExactly(bytes);

                return bytes;
            }
        }

        // This method provides a way for overriders of LoadUnmanagedDll() to load an unmanaged DLL from a specific path in a
        // platform-independent way. The DLL is loaded with default load flags.
        protected IntPtr LoadUnmanagedDllFromPath(string unmanagedDllPath)
        {
            ArgumentException.ThrowIfNullOrEmpty(unmanagedDllPath);

            if (PathInternal.IsPartiallyQualified(unmanagedDllPath))
            {
                throw new ArgumentException(SR.Format(SR.Argument_AbsolutePathRequired, unmanagedDllPath), nameof(unmanagedDllPath));
            }

            return NativeLibrary.Load(unmanagedDllPath);
        }

        // Custom AssemblyLoadContext implementations can override this
        // method to perform the load of unmanaged native dll
        // This function needs to return the HMODULE of the dll it loads
        protected virtual IntPtr LoadUnmanagedDll(string unmanagedDllName)
        {
            // defer to default coreclr policy of loading unmanaged dll
            return IntPtr.Zero;
        }

        public void Unload()
        {
            if (!IsCollectible)
            {
                throw new InvalidOperationException(SR.AssemblyLoadContext_Unload_CannotUnloadIfNotCollectible);
            }

            GC.SuppressFinalize(this);
            InitiateUnload();
        }

        internal static void OnProcessExit()
        {
            Dictionary<long, WeakReference<AssemblyLoadContext>>? allContexts = s_allContexts;
            if (allContexts is null)
            {
                // If s_allContexts was never initialized, there are no contexts for which to raise an unload event.
                return;
            }

            lock (allContexts)
            {
                foreach (KeyValuePair<long, WeakReference<AssemblyLoadContext>> alcAlive in allContexts)
                {
                    if (alcAlive.Value.TryGetTarget(out AssemblyLoadContext? alc))
                    {
                        alc.RaiseUnloadEvent();
                    }
                }
            }
        }

        private void VerifyIsAlive()
        {
            if (_state != InternalState.Alive)
            {
                throw new InvalidOperationException(SR.AssemblyLoadContext_Verify_NotUnloading);
            }
        }

        private static AsyncLocal<AssemblyLoadContext?>? s_asyncLocalCurrent;

        /// <summary>Nullable current AssemblyLoadContext used for context sensitive reflection APIs</summary>
        /// <remarks>
        /// This is an advanced setting used in reflection assembly loading scenarios.
        ///
        /// There are a set of contextual reflection APIs which load managed assemblies through an inferred AssemblyLoadContext.
        /// * <see cref="Activator.CreateInstance" />
        /// * <see cref="Assembly.Load" />
        /// * <see cref="Assembly.GetType" />
        /// * <see cref="Type.GetType" />
        ///
        /// When CurrentContextualReflectionContext is null, the AssemblyLoadContext is inferred.
        /// The inference logic is simple.
        /// * For static methods, it is the AssemblyLoadContext which loaded the method caller's assembly.
        /// * For instance methods, it is the AssemblyLoadContext which loaded the instance's assembly.
        ///
        /// When this property is set, the CurrentContextualReflectionContext value is used by these contextual reflection APIs for loading.
        ///
        /// This property is typically set in a using block by
        /// <see cref="AssemblyLoadContext.EnterContextualReflection"/>.
        ///
        /// The property is stored in an AsyncLocal&lt;AssemblyLoadContext&gt;. This means the setting can be unique for every async or thread in the process.
        ///
        /// For more details see https://github.com/dotnet/runtime/blob/main/docs/design/features/AssemblyLoadContext.ContextualReflection.md
        /// </remarks>
        public static AssemblyLoadContext? CurrentContextualReflectionContext => s_asyncLocalCurrent?.Value;

        private static void SetCurrentContextualReflectionContext(AssemblyLoadContext? value)
        {
            if (s_asyncLocalCurrent == null)
            {
                Interlocked.CompareExchange<AsyncLocal<AssemblyLoadContext?>?>(ref s_asyncLocalCurrent, new AsyncLocal<AssemblyLoadContext?>(), null);
            }
            s_asyncLocalCurrent.Value = value;
        }

        /// <summary>Enter scope using this AssemblyLoadContext for ContextualReflection</summary>
        /// <returns>A disposable ContextualReflectionScope for use in a using block</returns>
        /// <remarks>
        /// Sets CurrentContextualReflectionContext to this instance.
        /// <see cref="CurrentContextualReflectionContext"/>
        ///
        /// Returns a disposable ContextualReflectionScope for use in a using block. When the using calls the
        /// Dispose() method, it restores the ContextualReflectionScope to its previous value.
        /// </remarks>
        public ContextualReflectionScope EnterContextualReflection()
        {
            return new ContextualReflectionScope(this);
        }

        /// <summary>Enter scope using this AssemblyLoadContext for ContextualReflection</summary>
        /// <param name="activating">Set CurrentContextualReflectionContext to the AssemblyLoadContext which loaded activating.</param>
        /// <returns>A disposable ContextualReflectionScope for use in a using block</returns>
        /// <remarks>
        /// Sets CurrentContextualReflectionContext to the AssemblyLoadContext which loaded activating.
        /// <see cref="CurrentContextualReflectionContext"/>
        ///
        /// Returns a disposable ContextualReflectionScope for use in a using block. When the using calls the
        /// Dispose() method, it restores the ContextualReflectionScope to its previous value.
        /// </remarks>
        public static ContextualReflectionScope EnterContextualReflection(Assembly? activating)
        {
            if (activating == null)
                return new ContextualReflectionScope(null);

            AssemblyLoadContext assemblyLoadContext = GetLoadContext(activating) ??
                throw new ArgumentException(SR.Arg_MustBeRuntimeAssembly, nameof(activating));

            return assemblyLoadContext.EnterContextualReflection();
        }

        /// <summary>Opaque disposable struct used to restore CurrentContextualReflectionContext</summary>
        /// <remarks>
        /// This is an implementation detail of the AssemblyLoadContext.EnterContextualReflection APIs.
        /// It is a struct, to avoid heap allocation.
        /// It is required to be public to avoid boxing.
        /// <see cref="AssemblyLoadContext.EnterContextualReflection"/>
        /// </remarks>
        [EditorBrowsable(EditorBrowsableState.Never)]
        public struct ContextualReflectionScope : IDisposable
        {
            private readonly AssemblyLoadContext? _activated;
            private readonly AssemblyLoadContext? _predecessor;
            private readonly bool _initialized;

            internal ContextualReflectionScope(AssemblyLoadContext? activating)
            {
                _predecessor = CurrentContextualReflectionContext;
                SetCurrentContextualReflectionContext(activating);
                _activated = activating;
                _initialized = true;
            }

            public void Dispose()
            {
                if (_initialized)
                {
                    // Do not clear initialized. Always restore the _predecessor in Dispose()
                    // _initialized = false;
                    SetCurrentContextualReflectionContext(_predecessor);
                }
            }
        }

#if !NATIVEAOT
        // This method is invoked by the VM when using the host-provided assembly load context
        // implementation.
        private static RuntimeAssembly? Resolve(IntPtr gchAssemblyLoadContext, AssemblyName assemblyName)
        {
            AssemblyLoadContext context = (AssemblyLoadContext)(GCHandle.FromIntPtr(gchAssemblyLoadContext).Target)!;

            return context.ResolveUsingLoad(assemblyName);
        }

        [UnconditionalSuppressMessage("SingleFile", "IL3000: Avoid accessing Assembly file path when publishing as a single file",
            Justification = "The code handles the Assembly.Location equals null")]
        private Assembly? GetFirstResolvedAssemblyFromResolvingEvent(AssemblyName assemblyName)
        {
            // Loop through the event subscribers and return the first non-null Assembly instance
            foreach (Func<AssemblyLoadContext, AssemblyName, Assembly> handler in Delegate.EnumerateInvocationList(_resolving))
            {
                Assembly? resolvedAssembly = handler(this, assemblyName);
#if CORECLR
                if (IsTracingEnabled())
                {
                    TraceResolvingHandlerInvoked(
                        assemblyName.FullName,
                        handler.Method.DeclaringType is Type declaringType ? $"{declaringType.FullName}.{handler.Method.Name}" : handler.Method.Name,
                        this != Default ? ToString() : Name,
                        resolvedAssembly?.FullName,
                        resolvedAssembly != null && !resolvedAssembly.IsDynamic ? resolvedAssembly.Location : null);
                }
#endif // CORECLR
                if (resolvedAssembly != null)
                {
                    return resolvedAssembly;
                }
            }

            return null;
        }

        private static RuntimeAssembly ValidateAssemblyNameWithSimpleName(Assembly assembly, string? requestedSimpleName)
        {
            ArgumentException.ThrowIfNullOrEmpty(requestedSimpleName, "AssemblyName.Name");

            // Derived type's Load implementation is expected to use one of the LoadFrom* methods to get the assembly
            // which is a RuntimeAssembly instance. However, since Assembly type can be used build any other artifact (e.g. AssemblyBuilder),
            // we need to check for RuntimeAssembly.
            RuntimeAssembly? runtimeAssembly = GetRuntimeAssembly(assembly);
            if (runtimeAssembly == null)
            {
                throw new InvalidOperationException(SR.InvalidOperation_ResolvedAssemblyMustBeRuntimeAssembly);
            }

            if (!requestedSimpleName.Equals(runtimeAssembly.GetSimpleName(), StringComparison.InvariantCultureIgnoreCase))
            {
                throw new InvalidOperationException(SR.InvalidOperation_ResolvedAssemblyRequestedNameMismatch);
            }

            return runtimeAssembly;
        }

        private RuntimeAssembly? ResolveUsingLoad(AssemblyName assemblyName)
        {
            string? simpleName = assemblyName.Name;

            Assembly? assembly = Load(assemblyName);

            return (assembly != null) ? ValidateAssemblyNameWithSimpleName(assembly, simpleName) : null;
        }

        private RuntimeAssembly? ResolveUsingEvent(AssemblyName assemblyName)
        {
            string? simpleName = assemblyName.Name;

            // Invoke the Resolving event callbacks if wired up
            Assembly? assembly = GetFirstResolvedAssemblyFromResolvingEvent(assemblyName);

            return (assembly != null) ? ValidateAssemblyNameWithSimpleName(assembly, simpleName) : null;
        }

        private static void OnAssemblyLoad(RuntimeAssembly assembly)
        {
            AssemblyLoad?.Invoke(AppDomain.CurrentDomain, new AssemblyLoadEventArgs(assembly));
        }

        internal static RuntimeAssembly? OnResourceResolve(RuntimeAssembly? assembly, string resourceName)
        {
            return InvokeResolveEvent(ResourceResolve, assembly, resourceName);
        }

        internal static RuntimeAssembly? OnTypeResolve(RuntimeAssembly? assembly, string typeName)
        {
            return InvokeResolveEvent(TypeResolve, assembly, typeName);
        }

        private static RuntimeAssembly? OnAssemblyResolve(RuntimeAssembly? assembly, string assemblyFullName)
        {
            return InvokeResolveEvent(AssemblyResolve, assembly, assemblyFullName);
        }

        internal static void InvokeAssemblyLoadEvent(Assembly assembly)
        {
            AssemblyLoad?.Invoke(AppDomain.CurrentDomain, new AssemblyLoadEventArgs(assembly));
        }

        [UnconditionalSuppressMessage("SingleFile", "IL3000: Avoid accessing Assembly file path when publishing as a single file",
            Justification = "The code handles the Assembly.Location equals null")]
        private static RuntimeAssembly? InvokeResolveEvent(ResolveEventHandler? eventHandler, RuntimeAssembly? assembly, string name)
        {
            if (eventHandler == null)
                return null;

            var args = new ResolveEventArgs(name, assembly);

            foreach (ResolveEventHandler handler in Delegate.EnumerateInvocationList(eventHandler))
            {
                Assembly? asm = handler(AppDomain.CurrentDomain, args);
#if CORECLR
                if (eventHandler == AssemblyResolve && IsTracingEnabled())
                {
                    TraceAssemblyResolveHandlerInvoked(
                        name,
                        handler.Method.DeclaringType is Type declaringType ? $"{declaringType.FullName}.{handler.Method.Name}" : handler.Method.Name,
                        asm?.FullName,
                        asm != null && !asm.IsDynamic ? asm.Location : null);
                }
#endif // CORECLR
                RuntimeAssembly? ret = GetRuntimeAssembly(asm);
                if (ret != null)
                    return ret;
            }

            return null;
        }

#if CORECLR
        // UnmanagedCallersOnly wrappers for VM callbacks
        // These methods provide efficient reverse P/Invoke entry points for the VM.

        [UnmanagedCallersOnly]
        private static unsafe void OnAssemblyLoad(RuntimeAssembly* pAssembly, Exception* pException)
        {
            try
            {
                OnAssemblyLoad(*pAssembly);
            }
            catch (Exception)
            {
                // The VM does not expect exceptions to propagate out of this callback
            }
        }

        [UnmanagedCallersOnly]
        private static unsafe void OnTypeResolve(RuntimeAssembly* pAssembly, byte* typeName, RuntimeAssembly* ppResult, Exception* pException)
        {
            try
            {
                string name = Utf8StringMarshaller.ConvertToManaged(typeName)!;
                *ppResult = OnTypeResolve(*pAssembly, name);
            }
            catch (Exception ex)
            {
                *pException = ex;
            }
        }

        [UnmanagedCallersOnly]
        private static unsafe void OnResourceResolve(RuntimeAssembly* pAssembly, byte* resourceName, RuntimeAssembly* ppResult, Exception* pException)
        {
            try
            {
                string name = Utf8StringMarshaller.ConvertToManaged(resourceName)!;
                *ppResult = OnResourceResolve(*pAssembly, name);
            }
            catch (Exception ex)
            {
                *pException = ex;
            }
        }

        [UnmanagedCallersOnly]
        private static unsafe void OnAssemblyResolve(RuntimeAssembly* pAssembly, char* assemblyFullName, RuntimeAssembly* ppResult, Exception* pException)
        {
            try
            {
                *ppResult = OnAssemblyResolve(*pAssembly, new string(assemblyFullName));
            }
            catch (Exception ex)
            {
                *pException = ex;
            }
        }

        [UnmanagedCallersOnly]
        private static unsafe void Resolve(IntPtr gchAssemblyLoadContext, AssemblyName* pAssemblyName, Assembly* ppResult, Exception* pException)
        {
            try
            {
                AssemblyLoadContext context = GCHandle<AssemblyLoadContext>.FromIntPtr(gchAssemblyLoadContext).Target;
                *ppResult = context.ResolveUsingLoad(*pAssemblyName);
            }
            catch (Exception ex)
            {
                *pException = ex;
            }
        }

        [UnmanagedCallersOnly]
        private static unsafe void ResolveSatelliteAssembly(IntPtr gchAssemblyLoadContext, AssemblyName* pAssemblyName, Assembly* ppResult, Exception* pException)
        {
            try
            {
                AssemblyLoadContext context = GCHandle<AssemblyLoadContext>.FromIntPtr(gchAssemblyLoadContext).Target;
                *ppResult = context.ResolveSatelliteAssembly(*pAssemblyName);
            }
            catch (Exception ex)
            {
                *pException = ex;
            }
        }

        [UnmanagedCallersOnly]
        private static unsafe void ResolveUsingEvent(IntPtr gchAssemblyLoadContext, AssemblyName* pAssemblyName, Assembly* ppResult, Exception* pException)
        {
            try
            {
                AssemblyLoadContext context = GCHandle<AssemblyLoadContext>.FromIntPtr(gchAssemblyLoadContext).Target;
                *ppResult = context.ResolveUsingEvent(*pAssemblyName);
            }
            catch (Exception ex)
            {
                *pException = ex;
            }
        }
#endif // CORECLR
#endif // !NATIVEAOT

        [UnconditionalSuppressMessage("ReflectionAnalysis", "IL2026:RequiresUnreferencedCode",
            Justification = "Satellite assemblies have no code in them and loading is not a problem")]
        [UnconditionalSuppressMessage("SingleFile", "IL3000: Avoid accessing Assembly file path when publishing as a single file",
            Justification = "This call is fine because native call runs before this and checks BindSatelliteResourceFromBundle")]
        private RuntimeAssembly? ResolveSatelliteAssembly(AssemblyName assemblyName)
        {
            // Called by native runtime when CultureName is not empty
            Debug.Assert(assemblyName.CultureName?.Length > 0);

            const string SatelliteSuffix = ".resources";

            if (assemblyName.Name == null || !assemblyName.Name.EndsWith(SatelliteSuffix, StringComparison.Ordinal))
                return null;

            string parentAssemblyName = assemblyName.Name.Substring(0, assemblyName.Name.Length - SatelliteSuffix.Length);

            RuntimeAssembly parentAssembly = (RuntimeAssembly)LoadFromAssemblyName(new AssemblyName(parentAssemblyName));

            AssemblyLoadContext parentALC = GetLoadContext(parentAssembly)!;

            string? parentDirectory = Path.GetDirectoryName(parentAssembly.Location);

#if TARGET_BROWSER
            // On Browser/WASM, assemblies loaded via external_assembly_probe have empty Location
            // (PEAssembly::GetPath returns empty for IsExternalData). Satellite assemblies are
            // registered in JS loadedAssemblies with virtual paths like "/{culture}/{name}.dll".
            // Construct the path matching the JS loader's normalizeVirtualPath format.
            string assemblyPath = string.IsNullOrEmpty(parentDirectory)
                ? $"/{assemblyName.CultureName}/{assemblyName.Name}.dll"
                : Path.Combine(parentDirectory, assemblyName.CultureName!, $"{assemblyName.Name}.dll");

            try
            {
                return (RuntimeAssembly?)parentALC.LoadFromAssemblyPath(assemblyPath);
            }
            catch (FileNotFoundException)
            {
                return null;
            }
#else
            if (parentDirectory == null)
                return null;

            string assemblyPath = Path.Combine(parentDirectory, assemblyName.CultureName!, $"{assemblyName.Name}.dll");
            bool exists = FileSystem.FileExists(assemblyPath);
            if (!exists && PathInternal.IsCaseSensitive)
            {
#if CORECLR
                if (IsTracingEnabled())
                {
                    TraceSatelliteSubdirectoryPathProbed(assemblyPath, HResults.COR_E_FILENOTFOUND);
                }
#endif // CORECLR
                assemblyPath = Path.Combine(parentDirectory, assemblyName.CultureName!.ToLowerInvariant(), $"{assemblyName.Name}.dll");
                exists = FileSystem.FileExists(assemblyPath);
            }

            RuntimeAssembly? asm = exists ? (RuntimeAssembly?)parentALC.LoadFromAssemblyPath(assemblyPath) : null;
#if CORECLR
            if (IsTracingEnabled())
            {
                TraceSatelliteSubdirectoryPathProbed(assemblyPath, exists ? HResults.S_OK : HResults.COR_E_FILENOTFOUND);
            }
#endif // CORECLR

            return asm;
#endif // TARGET_BROWSER
        }

        internal IntPtr GetResolvedUnmanagedDll(Assembly assembly, string unmanagedDllName)
        {
            // Loop through the event subscribers and return the first non-null native library handle
            foreach (Func<Assembly, string, IntPtr> handler in Delegate.EnumerateInvocationList(_resolvingUnmanagedDll))
            {
                IntPtr resolvedDll = handler(assembly, unmanagedDllName);
                if (resolvedDll != IntPtr.Zero)
                {
                    return resolvedDll;
                }
            }

            return IntPtr.Zero;
        }
    }

    internal sealed class DefaultAssemblyLoadContext : AssemblyLoadContext
    {
        internal static readonly AssemblyLoadContext s_loadContext = new DefaultAssemblyLoadContext();

        internal DefaultAssemblyLoadContext() : base(true, false, "Default")
        {
        }
    }

    internal sealed class IndividualAssemblyLoadContext : AssemblyLoadContext
    {
        internal IndividualAssemblyLoadContext(string name) : base(false, false, name)
        {
        }
    }
}