// Licensed to the .NET Foundation under one or more agreements.
// The .NET Foundation licenses this file to you under the MIT license.
 
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis;
using System.Runtime.CompilerServices;
using System.Text;
 
namespace System.IO.Pipelines
{
    internal struct BufferSegmentStack
    {
        private SegmentAsValueType[] _array;
        private int _size;
 
        public BufferSegmentStack(int size)
        {
            _array = new SegmentAsValueType[size];
            _size = 0;
        }
 
        public int Count => _size;
 
        public bool TryPop([NotNullWhen(true)] out BufferSegment? result)
        {
            int size = _size - 1;
            SegmentAsValueType[] array = _array;
 
            if ((uint)size >= (uint)array.Length)
            {
                result = default;
                return false;
            }
 
            _size = size;
            result = array[size];
            array[size] = default;
            return true;
        }
 
        // Pushes an item to the top of the stack.
        public void Push(BufferSegment item)
        {
            int size = _size;
            SegmentAsValueType[] array = _array;
 
            if ((uint)size < (uint)array.Length)
            {
                array[size] = item;
                _size = size + 1;
            }
            else
            {
                PushWithResize(item);
            }
        }
 
        // Non-inline from Stack.Push to improve its code quality as uncommon path
        [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.NoInlining)]
        private void PushWithResize(BufferSegment item)
        {
            Array.Resize(ref _array, 2 * _array.Length);
            _array[_size] = item;
            _size++;
        }
 
        /// <summary>
        /// A simple struct we wrap reference types inside when storing in arrays to
        /// bypass the CLR's covariant checks when writing to arrays.
        /// </summary>
        /// <remarks>
        /// We use <see cref="SegmentAsValueType"/> as a wrapper to avoid paying the cost of covariant checks whenever
        /// the underlying array that the <see cref="BufferSegmentStack"/> class uses is written to.
        /// We've recognized this as a perf win in ETL traces for these stack frames:
        /// clr!JIT_Stelem_Ref
        ///   clr!ArrayStoreCheck
        ///     clr!ObjIsInstanceOf
        /// </remarks>
        private readonly struct SegmentAsValueType
        {
            private readonly BufferSegment _value;
            private SegmentAsValueType(BufferSegment value) => _value = value;
            public static implicit operator SegmentAsValueType(BufferSegment s) => new SegmentAsValueType(s);
            public static implicit operator BufferSegment(SegmentAsValueType s) => s._value;
        }
    }
}