// Licensed to the .NET Foundation under one or more agreements.
// The .NET Foundation licenses this file to you under the MIT license.
 
using System;
#if !NET9_0_OR_GREATER
using System.Diagnostics;
#endif
using System.Diagnostics.Metrics;
using Microsoft.Extensions.Diagnostics.ResourceMonitoring.Windows.Interop;
using Microsoft.Extensions.Logging;
using Microsoft.Extensions.Logging.Abstractions;
using Microsoft.Extensions.Options;
using Microsoft.Shared.Instruments;
 
namespace Microsoft.Extensions.Diagnostics.ResourceMonitoring.Windows;
 
internal sealed class WindowsSnapshotProvider : ISnapshotProvider
{
    private const double One = 1.0d;
    private const double Hundred = 100.0d;
 
    public SystemResources Resources { get; }
 
    private readonly int _cpuUnits;
    private readonly object _cpuLocker = new();
    private readonly object _memoryLocker = new();
    private readonly ILogger<WindowsSnapshotProvider> _logger;
    private readonly TimeProvider _timeProvider;
    private readonly Func<long> _getCpuTicksFunc;
    private readonly Func<long> _getMemoryUsageFunc;
    private readonly double _totalMemory;
    private readonly TimeSpan _cpuRefreshInterval;
    private readonly TimeSpan _memoryRefreshInterval;
    private readonly double _metricValueMultiplier;
 
    private long _oldCpuUsageTicks;
    private long _oldCpuTimeTicks;
    private DateTimeOffset _refreshAfterCpu;
    private DateTimeOffset _refreshAfterMemory;
    private double _cpuPercentage = double.NaN;
    private double _memoryPercentage;
 
    public WindowsSnapshotProvider(ILogger<WindowsSnapshotProvider>? logger, IMeterFactory meterFactory, IOptions<ResourceMonitoringOptions> options)
    : this(logger, meterFactory, options.Value, TimeProvider.System, GetCpuUnits, GetCpuTicks, GetMemoryUsageInBytes, GetTotalMemoryInBytes)
    {
    }
 
#pragma warning disable S107 // Methods should not have too many parameters
    internal WindowsSnapshotProvider(
        ILogger<WindowsSnapshotProvider>? logger,
        IMeterFactory meterFactory,
        ResourceMonitoringOptions options,
        TimeProvider timeProvider,
        Func<int> getCpuUnitsFunc,
        Func<long> getCpuTicksFunc,
        Func<long> getMemoryUsageFunc,
        Func<ulong> getTotalMemoryInBytesFunc)
#pragma warning restore S107 // Methods should not have too many parameters
    {
        _logger = logger ?? NullLogger<WindowsSnapshotProvider>.Instance;
 
        _logger.RunningOutsideJobObject();
 
        _metricValueMultiplier = options.UseZeroToOneRangeForMetrics ? One : Hundred;
 
        _cpuUnits = getCpuUnitsFunc();
        var totalMemory = getTotalMemoryInBytesFunc();
 
        // We are not running in a job object (e.g. container), so we don't have
        // any resource requests or resource limits, therefore using physical values
        // such as number of CPUs and physical memory and using it for both requests and limits (aka 'guaranteed' and 'max'):
        Resources = new SystemResources(_cpuUnits, _cpuUnits, totalMemory, totalMemory);
        _logger.SystemResourcesInfo(_cpuUnits, _cpuUnits, totalMemory, totalMemory);
 
        _timeProvider = timeProvider;
        _getCpuTicksFunc = getCpuTicksFunc;
        _getMemoryUsageFunc = getMemoryUsageFunc;
        _totalMemory = totalMemory; // "long" totalMemory => "double" _totalMemory - to calculate percentage later
 
        _oldCpuUsageTicks = getCpuTicksFunc();
        _oldCpuTimeTicks = timeProvider.GetUtcNow().Ticks;
        _cpuRefreshInterval = options.CpuConsumptionRefreshInterval;
        _memoryRefreshInterval = options.MemoryConsumptionRefreshInterval;
        _refreshAfterCpu = timeProvider.GetUtcNow();
        _refreshAfterMemory = timeProvider.GetUtcNow();
 
#pragma warning disable CA2000 // Dispose objects before losing scope
        // We don't dispose the meter because IMeterFactory handles that
        // An issue on analyzer side: https://github.com/dotnet/roslyn-analyzers/issues/6912
        // Related documentation: https://github.com/dotnet/docs/pull/37170
        var meter = meterFactory.Create(ResourceUtilizationInstruments.MeterName);
#pragma warning restore CA2000 // Dispose objects before losing scope
 
        _ = meter.CreateObservableGauge(name: ResourceUtilizationInstruments.ProcessCpuUtilization, observeValue: CpuPercentage);
        _ = meter.CreateObservableGauge(name: ResourceUtilizationInstruments.ProcessMemoryUtilization, observeValue: MemoryPercentage);
    }
 
    public Snapshot GetSnapshot()
    {
#if NET9_0_OR_GREATER
        var cpuUsage = Environment.CpuUsage;
        return new Snapshot(
            totalTimeSinceStart: TimeSpan.FromTicks(_timeProvider.GetUtcNow().Ticks),
            kernelTimeSinceStart: cpuUsage.PrivilegedTime,
            userTimeSinceStart: cpuUsage.UserTime,
            memoryUsageInBytes: (ulong)Environment.WorkingSet);
#else
        using var process = Process.GetCurrentProcess();
        return new Snapshot(
            totalTimeSinceStart: TimeSpan.FromTicks(_timeProvider.GetUtcNow().Ticks),
            kernelTimeSinceStart: process.PrivilegedProcessorTime,
            userTimeSinceStart: process.UserProcessorTime,
            memoryUsageInBytes: (ulong)Environment.WorkingSet);
#endif
    }
 
    internal static long GetCpuTicks()
    {
#if NET9_0_OR_GREATER
        return Environment.CpuUsage.TotalTime.Ticks;
#else
        using var process = Process.GetCurrentProcess();
        return process.TotalProcessorTime.Ticks;
#endif
    }
 
    internal static int GetCpuUnits() => Environment.ProcessorCount;
 
    internal static long GetMemoryUsageInBytes()
    {
        return Environment.WorkingSet;
    }
 
    internal static ulong GetTotalMemoryInBytes()
    {
        var memoryStatus = new MemoryInfo().GetMemoryStatus();
        return memoryStatus.TotalPhys;
    }
 
    private double MemoryPercentage()
    {
        var now = _timeProvider.GetUtcNow();
 
        lock (_memoryLocker)
        {
            if (now < _refreshAfterMemory)
            {
                return _memoryPercentage;
            }
        }
 
        var currentMemoryUsage = _getMemoryUsageFunc();
        lock (_memoryLocker)
        {
            if (now >= _refreshAfterMemory)
            {
                // Don't change calculation order, otherwise we loose some precision:
                _memoryPercentage = Math.Min(_metricValueMultiplier, currentMemoryUsage / _totalMemory * _metricValueMultiplier);
                _refreshAfterMemory = now.Add(_memoryRefreshInterval);
            }
 
            _logger.ProcessMemoryPercentageData((ulong)currentMemoryUsage, _totalMemory, _memoryPercentage);
 
            return _memoryPercentage;
        }
    }
 
    private double CpuPercentage()
    {
        var now = _timeProvider.GetUtcNow();
 
        lock (_cpuLocker)
        {
            if (now < _refreshAfterCpu)
            {
                return _cpuPercentage;
            }
        }
 
        var currentCpuTicks = _getCpuTicksFunc();
 
        lock (_cpuLocker)
        {
            if (now >= _refreshAfterCpu)
            {
                var usageTickDelta = currentCpuTicks - _oldCpuUsageTicks;
                var timeTickDelta = (now.Ticks - _oldCpuTimeTicks) * _cpuUnits;
                if (usageTickDelta > 0 && timeTickDelta > 0)
                {
                    // Don't change calculation order, otherwise we loose some precision:
                    _cpuPercentage = Math.Min(_metricValueMultiplier, usageTickDelta / (double)timeTickDelta * _metricValueMultiplier);
 
                    _logger.CpuUsageData(currentCpuTicks, _oldCpuUsageTicks, timeTickDelta, _cpuUnits, _cpuPercentage);
 
                    _oldCpuUsageTicks = currentCpuTicks;
                    _oldCpuTimeTicks = now.Ticks;
                    _refreshAfterCpu = now.Add(_cpuRefreshInterval);
                }
            }
 
            return _cpuPercentage;
        }
    }
}