// Licensed to the .NET Foundation under one or more agreements.
// The .NET Foundation licenses this file to you under the MIT license.
// See the LICENSE file in the project root for more information.

using System;
using System.Collections.Concurrent;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Collections.Immutable;
using Microsoft.CodeAnalysis.Collections;
using Microsoft.CodeAnalysis.PooledObjects;
using Roslyn.Utilities;
using EmitContext = Microsoft.CodeAnalysis.Emit.EmitContext;

// Contains support for pseudo-methods on multidimensional arrays.
//
// Opcodes such as newarr, ldelem, ldelema, stelem do not work with
// multidimensional arrays and same functionality is available in
// a form of well known pseudo-methods "Get", "Set", "Address" and ".ctor"
//
//=========================
//
//  14.2 Arrays  (From partition II) -
//The class that the VES creates for arrays contains several methods whose implementation is supplied by the
//VES:
//
//* A constructor that takes a sequence of int32 arguments, one for each dimension of the array, that specify
//the number of elements in each dimension beginning with the first dimension. A lower bound of zero is
//assumed.
//
//* A constructor that takes twice as many int32 arguments as there are dimensions of the array. These
//arguments occur in pairs—one pair per dimension—with the first argument of each pair specifying the
//lower bound for that dimension, and the second argument specifying the total number of elements in that
//dimension. Note that vectors are not created with this constructor, since a zero lower bound is assumed for
//vectors.
//
//* A Get method that takes a sequence of int32 arguments, one for each dimension of the array, and returns
//a value whose type is the element type of the array. This method is used to access a specific element of the
//array where the arguments specify the index into each dimension, beginning with the first, of the element
//to be returned.
//
//* A Set method that takes a sequence of int32 arguments, one for each dimension of the array, followed by
//a value whose type is the element type of the array. The return type of Set is void. This method is used to
//set a specific element of the array where the arguments specify the index into each dimension, beginning
//with the first, of the element to be set and the final argument specifies the value to be stored into the target
//element.
//
//* An Address method that takes a sequence of int32 arguments, one for each dimension of the array, and
//has a return type that is a managed pointer to the array's element type. This method is used to return a
//managed pointer to a specific element of the array where the arguments specify the index into each
//dimension, beginning with the first, of the element whose address is to be returned.

namespace Microsoft.CodeAnalysis.CodeGen
{
    /// <summary>
    /// Constructs and caches already created pseudo-methods.
    /// Every compiled module is supposed to have one of this, created lazily 
    /// (multidimensional arrays are not common).
    /// </summary>
    internal class ArrayMethods
    {
        // There are four kinds of array pseudo-methods
        // They are specific to a given array type
        private enum ArrayMethodKind : byte
        {
            GET,
            SET,
            ADDRESS,
            CTOR,
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Acquires an array constructor for a given array type
        /// </summary>
        public ArrayMethod GetArrayConstructor(Cci.IArrayTypeReference arrayType)
        {
            return GetArrayMethod(arrayType, ArrayMethodKind.CTOR);
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Acquires an element getter method for a given array type
        /// </summary>
        public ArrayMethod GetArrayGet(Cci.IArrayTypeReference arrayType)
            => GetArrayMethod(arrayType, ArrayMethodKind.GET);

        /// <summary>
        /// Acquires an element setter method for a given array type
        /// </summary>
        public ArrayMethod GetArraySet(Cci.IArrayTypeReference arrayType)
            => GetArrayMethod(arrayType, ArrayMethodKind.SET);

        /// <summary>
        /// Acquires an element referencer method for a given array type
        /// </summary>
        public ArrayMethod GetArrayAddress(Cci.IArrayTypeReference arrayType)
            => GetArrayMethod(arrayType, ArrayMethodKind.ADDRESS);

        /// <summary>
        /// Maps {array type, method kind} tuples to implementing pseudo-methods.
        /// </summary>
        private readonly ConcurrentDictionary<(byte methodKind, IReferenceOrISignature arrayType), ArrayMethod> _dict =
            new ConcurrentDictionary<(byte, IReferenceOrISignature), ArrayMethod>();

        /// <summary>
        /// lazily fetches or creates a new array method.
        /// </summary>
        private ArrayMethod GetArrayMethod(Cci.IArrayTypeReference arrayType, ArrayMethodKind id)
        {
            var key = ((byte)id, new IReferenceOrISignature(arrayType));
            ArrayMethod? result;

            var dict = _dict;
            if (!dict.TryGetValue(key, out result))
            {
                result = MakeArrayMethod(arrayType, id);
                result = dict.GetOrAdd(key, result);
            }

            return result;
        }

        private static ArrayMethod MakeArrayMethod(Cci.IArrayTypeReference arrayType, ArrayMethodKind id)
        {
            switch (id)
            {
                case ArrayMethodKind.CTOR:
                    return new ArrayConstructor(arrayType);

                case ArrayMethodKind.GET:
                    return new ArrayGet(arrayType);

                case ArrayMethodKind.SET:
                    return new ArraySet(arrayType);

                case ArrayMethodKind.ADDRESS:
                    return new ArrayAddress(arrayType);
            }

            throw ExceptionUtilities.UnexpectedValue(id);
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// "newobj ArrayConstructor"  is equivalent of "newarr ElementType" 
        /// when working with multidimensional arrays
        /// </summary>
        private sealed class ArrayConstructor : ArrayMethod
        {
            public ArrayConstructor(Cci.IArrayTypeReference arrayType) : base(arrayType) { }

            public override string Name => ".ctor";

            public override Cci.ITypeReference GetType(EmitContext context)
                => context.Module.GetPlatformType(Cci.PlatformType.SystemVoid, context);
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// "call ArrayGet"  is equivalent of "ldelem ElementType" 
        /// when working with multidimensional arrays
        /// </summary>
        private sealed class ArrayGet : ArrayMethod
        {
            public ArrayGet(Cci.IArrayTypeReference arrayType) : base(arrayType) { }

            public override string Name => "Get";

            public override Cci.ITypeReference GetType(EmitContext context)
                => arrayType.GetElementType(context);
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// "call ArrayAddress"  is equivalent of "ldelema ElementType" 
        /// when working with multidimensional arrays
        /// </summary>
        private sealed class ArrayAddress : ArrayMethod
        {
            public ArrayAddress(Cci.IArrayTypeReference arrayType) : base(arrayType) { }

            public override bool ReturnValueIsByRef => true;

            public override Cci.ITypeReference GetType(EmitContext context)
                => arrayType.GetElementType(context);

            public override string Name => "Address";
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// "call ArraySet"  is equivalent of "stelem ElementType" 
        /// when working with multidimensional arrays
        /// </summary>
        private sealed class ArraySet : ArrayMethod
        {
            public ArraySet(Cci.IArrayTypeReference arrayType) : base(arrayType) { }

            public override string Name => "Set";

            public override Cci.ITypeReference GetType(EmitContext context)
                => context.Module.GetPlatformType(Cci.PlatformType.SystemVoid, context);

            protected override ImmutableArray<ArrayMethodParameterInfo> MakeParameters()
            {
                int rank = (int)arrayType.Rank;
                var parameters = ArrayBuilder<ArrayMethodParameterInfo>.GetInstance(rank + 1);

                for (int i = 0; i < rank; i++)
                {
                    parameters.Add(ArrayMethodParameterInfo.GetIndexParameter((ushort)i));
                }

                parameters.Add(new ArraySetValueParameterInfo((ushort)rank, arrayType));
                return parameters.ToImmutableAndFree();
            }
        }
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// Represents a parameter in an array pseudo-method.
    /// 
    /// NOTE: It appears that only number of indices is used for verification, 
    /// types just have to be Int32.
    /// Even though actual arguments can be native ints.
    /// </summary>
    internal class ArrayMethodParameterInfo : Cci.IParameterTypeInformation
    {
        // position in the signature
        private readonly ushort _index;

        // cache common parameter instances 
        // (we can do this since the only data we have is the index)
        private static readonly ArrayMethodParameterInfo s_index0 = new ArrayMethodParameterInfo(0);
        private static readonly ArrayMethodParameterInfo s_index1 = new ArrayMethodParameterInfo(1);
        private static readonly ArrayMethodParameterInfo s_index2 = new ArrayMethodParameterInfo(2);
        private static readonly ArrayMethodParameterInfo s_index3 = new ArrayMethodParameterInfo(3);

        protected ArrayMethodParameterInfo(ushort index)
        {
            _index = index;
        }

        public static ArrayMethodParameterInfo GetIndexParameter(ushort index)
        {
            switch (index)
            {
                case 0: return s_index0;
                case 1: return s_index1;
                case 2: return s_index2;
                case 3: return s_index3;
            }

            return new ArrayMethodParameterInfo(index);
        }

        public ImmutableArray<Cci.ICustomModifier> RefCustomModifiers
            => ImmutableArray<Cci.ICustomModifier>.Empty;

        public ImmutableArray<Cci.ICustomModifier> CustomModifiers
            => ImmutableArray<Cci.ICustomModifier>.Empty;

        public bool IsByReference => false;

        public virtual Cci.ITypeReference GetType(EmitContext context)
            => context.Module.GetPlatformType(Cci.PlatformType.SystemInt32, context);

        public ushort Index => _index;
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// Represents the "value" parameter of the Set pseudo-method.
    /// 
    /// NOTE: unlike index parameters, type of the value parameter must match 
    /// the actual element type.
    /// </summary>
    internal sealed class ArraySetValueParameterInfo : ArrayMethodParameterInfo
    {
        private readonly Cci.IArrayTypeReference _arrayType;

        internal ArraySetValueParameterInfo(ushort index, Cci.IArrayTypeReference arrayType)
            : base(index)
        {
            _arrayType = arrayType;
        }

        public override Cci.ITypeReference GetType(EmitContext context)
            => _arrayType.GetElementType(context);
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// Base of all array methods. They have a lot in common.
    /// </summary>
    internal abstract class ArrayMethod : Cci.IMethodReference
    {
        private readonly ImmutableArray<ArrayMethodParameterInfo> _parameters;
        protected readonly Cci.IArrayTypeReference arrayType;

        protected ArrayMethod(Cci.IArrayTypeReference arrayType)
        {
            this.arrayType = arrayType;
            _parameters = MakeParameters();
        }

        public abstract string Name { get; }
        public abstract Cci.ITypeReference GetType(EmitContext context);

        // Address overrides this to "true"
        public virtual bool ReturnValueIsByRef => false;

        // Set overrides this to include "value" parameter.
        protected virtual ImmutableArray<ArrayMethodParameterInfo> MakeParameters()
        {
            int rank = (int)arrayType.Rank;
            var parameters = ArrayBuilder<ArrayMethodParameterInfo>.GetInstance(rank);

            for (int i = 0; i < rank; i++)
            {
                parameters.Add(ArrayMethodParameterInfo.GetIndexParameter((ushort)i));
            }

            return parameters.ToImmutableAndFree();
        }

        public ImmutableArray<Cci.IParameterTypeInformation> GetParameters(EmitContext context)
            => StaticCast<Cci.IParameterTypeInformation>.From(_parameters);

        public bool AcceptsExtraArguments => false;

        public ushort GenericParameterCount => 0;

        public Cci.IMethodDefinition? GetResolvedMethod(EmitContext context) => null;

        public ImmutableArray<Cci.IParameterTypeInformation> ExtraParameters
            => ImmutableArray<Cci.IParameterTypeInformation>.Empty;

        public Cci.IGenericMethodInstanceReference? AsGenericMethodInstanceReference => null;

        public Cci.ISpecializedMethodReference? AsSpecializedMethodReference => null;

        public Cci.CallingConvention CallingConvention => Cci.CallingConvention.HasThis;

        public ushort ParameterCount => (ushort)_parameters.Length;

        public ImmutableArray<Cci.ICustomModifier> RefCustomModifiers
            => ImmutableArray<Cci.ICustomModifier>.Empty;

        public ImmutableArray<Cci.ICustomModifier> ReturnValueCustomModifiers
            => ImmutableArray<Cci.ICustomModifier>.Empty;

        public Cci.ITypeReference GetContainingType(EmitContext context)
        {
            // We are not translating arrayType. 
            // It is an array type and it is never generic or contained in a generic.
            return this.arrayType;
        }

        public IEnumerable<Cci.ICustomAttribute> GetAttributes(EmitContext context)
            => SpecializedCollections.EmptyEnumerable<Cci.ICustomAttribute>();

        public void Dispatch(Cci.MetadataVisitor visitor)
            => visitor.Visit(this);

        public Cci.IDefinition? AsDefinition(EmitContext context)
            => null;

        public override string ToString()
            => ((object?)arrayType.GetInternalSymbol() ?? arrayType).ToString() + "." + Name;

        Symbols.ISymbolInternal? Cci.IReference.GetInternalSymbol() => null;

        public sealed override bool Equals(object? obj)
        {
            // It is not supported to rely on default equality of these Cci objects, an explicit way to compare and hash them should be used.
            throw ExceptionUtilities.Unreachable();
        }

        public sealed override int GetHashCode()
        {
            // It is not supported to rely on default equality of these Cci objects, an explicit way to compare and hash them should be used.
            throw ExceptionUtilities.Unreachable();
        }
    }
}