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// Licensed to the .NET Foundation under one or more agreements.
// The .NET Foundation licenses this file to you under the MIT license.
// See the LICENSE file in the project root for more information.
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Collections.Immutable;
using System.Diagnostics;
using Microsoft.CodeAnalysis.CodeGen;
using Microsoft.CodeAnalysis.Collections;
using Microsoft.CodeAnalysis.CSharp.Symbols;
using Microsoft.CodeAnalysis.Emit;
using Microsoft.CodeAnalysis.PooledObjects;
using Roslyn.Utilities;
namespace Microsoft.CodeAnalysis.CSharp
{
internal abstract class StateMachineRewriter
{
protected readonly BoundStatement body;
protected readonly MethodSymbol method;
protected readonly BindingDiagnosticBag diagnostics;
protected readonly SyntheticBoundNodeFactory F;
protected readonly SynthesizedContainer stateMachineType;
protected readonly VariableSlotAllocator? slotAllocatorOpt;
protected readonly SynthesizedLocalOrdinalsDispenser synthesizedLocalOrdinals;
protected readonly ArrayBuilder<StateMachineStateDebugInfo> stateMachineStateDebugInfoBuilder;
protected FieldSymbol? stateField;
protected FieldSymbol? instanceIdField;
protected IReadOnlyDictionary<Symbol, CapturedSymbolReplacement>? nonReusableLocalProxies;
protected int nextFreeHoistedLocalSlot;
protected IOrderedReadOnlySet<Symbol>? hoistedVariables;
protected Dictionary<Symbol, CapturedSymbolReplacement>? initialParameters;
protected FieldSymbol? initialThreadIdField;
protected StateMachineRewriter(
BoundStatement body,
MethodSymbol method,
SynthesizedContainer stateMachineType,
ArrayBuilder<StateMachineStateDebugInfo> stateMachineStateDebugInfoBuilder,
VariableSlotAllocator? slotAllocatorOpt,
TypeCompilationState compilationState,
BindingDiagnosticBag diagnostics)
{
Debug.Assert(body != null);
Debug.Assert(method != null);
Debug.Assert(stateMachineType is not null);
Debug.Assert(compilationState != null);
Debug.Assert(diagnostics != null);
Debug.Assert(diagnostics.DiagnosticBag != null);
Debug.Assert(stateMachineStateDebugInfoBuilder.IsEmpty);
this.body = body;
this.method = method;
this.stateMachineType = stateMachineType;
this.stateMachineStateDebugInfoBuilder = stateMachineStateDebugInfoBuilder;
this.slotAllocatorOpt = slotAllocatorOpt;
this.synthesizedLocalOrdinals = new SynthesizedLocalOrdinalsDispenser();
this.diagnostics = diagnostics;
this.F = new SyntheticBoundNodeFactory(method, body.Syntax, compilationState, diagnostics);
Debug.Assert(TypeSymbol.Equals(F.CurrentType, method.ContainingType, TypeCompareKind.ConsiderEverything2));
Debug.Assert(F.Syntax == body.Syntax);
}
#nullable disable
/// <summary>
/// True if the initial values of locals in the rewritten method and the initial thread ID need to be preserved. (e.g. enumerable iterator methods and async-enumerable iterator methods)
/// </summary>
protected abstract bool PreserveInitialParameterValuesAndThreadId { get; }
/// <summary>
/// Add fields to the state machine class that control the state machine.
/// </summary>
protected abstract void GenerateControlFields();
/// <summary>
/// Initialize the state machine class.
/// </summary>
protected abstract void InitializeStateMachine(ArrayBuilder<BoundStatement> bodyBuilder, NamedTypeSymbol frameType, LocalSymbol stateMachineLocal);
/// <summary>
/// Generate implementation-specific state machine initialization for the kickoff method body.
/// </summary>
protected abstract BoundStatement GenerateStateMachineCreation(LocalSymbol stateMachineVariable, NamedTypeSymbol frameType, IReadOnlyDictionary<Symbol, CapturedSymbolReplacement> proxies);
/// <summary>
/// Generate implementation-specific state machine member method implementations.
/// </summary>
protected abstract void GenerateMethodImplementations();
protected BoundStatement Rewrite()
{
if (this.body.HasErrors)
{
return this.body;
}
F.OpenNestedType(stateMachineType);
GenerateControlFields();
if (PreserveInitialParameterValuesAndThreadId && CanGetThreadId())
{
// if it is an enumerable or async-enumerable, and either Environment.CurrentManagedThreadId or Thread.ManagedThreadId are available
// add a field: int initialThreadId
initialThreadIdField = F.StateMachineField(F.SpecialType(SpecialType.System_Int32), GeneratedNames.MakeIteratorCurrentThreadIdFieldName());
}
// fields for the initial values of all the parameters of the method
if (PreserveInitialParameterValuesAndThreadId)
{
initialParameters = new Dictionary<Symbol, CapturedSymbolReplacement>();
}
// fields for the captured variables of the method
var variablesToHoist = IteratorAndAsyncCaptureWalker.Analyze(F.Compilation, method, body, diagnostics.DiagnosticBag);
if (diagnostics.HasAnyErrors())
{
// Avoid triggering assertions in further lowering.
return new BoundBadStatement(F.Syntax, ImmutableArray<BoundNode>.Empty, hasErrors: true);
}
CreateNonReusableLocalProxies(variablesToHoist, out this.nonReusableLocalProxies, out this.nextFreeHoistedLocalSlot);
this.hoistedVariables = variablesToHoist;
GenerateMethodImplementations();
// Return a replacement body for the kickoff method
return GenerateKickoffMethodBody();
}
private void CreateNonReusableLocalProxies(
IEnumerable<Symbol> variablesToHoist,
out IReadOnlyDictionary<Symbol, CapturedSymbolReplacement> proxies,
out int nextFreeHoistedLocalSlot)
{
var proxiesBuilder = new Dictionary<Symbol, CapturedSymbolReplacement>();
var typeMap = stateMachineType.TypeMap;
bool isDebugBuild = F.Compilation.Options.OptimizationLevel == OptimizationLevel.Debug;
bool mapToPreviousFields = isDebugBuild && slotAllocatorOpt != null;
nextFreeHoistedLocalSlot = mapToPreviousFields ? slotAllocatorOpt.PreviousHoistedLocalSlotCount : 0;
foreach (var variable in variablesToHoist)
{
Debug.Assert(variable.Kind == SymbolKind.Local || variable.Kind == SymbolKind.Parameter);
if (variable.Kind == SymbolKind.Local)
{
var local = (LocalSymbol)variable;
var synthesizedKind = local.SynthesizedKind;
if (!synthesizedKind.MustSurviveStateMachineSuspension())
{
continue;
}
// no need to hoist constants
if (local.IsConst)
{
continue;
}
if (local.RefKind != RefKind.None)
{
// we'll create proxies for these variables later:
Debug.Assert(synthesizedKind == SynthesizedLocalKind.Spill ||
(synthesizedKind == SynthesizedLocalKind.ForEachArray && local.Type.HasInlineArrayAttribute(out _) && local.Type.TryGetInlineArrayElementField() is object));
continue;
}
Debug.Assert(local.RefKind == RefKind.None);
StateMachineFieldSymbol field = null;
if (ShouldPreallocateNonReusableProxy(local))
{
// variable needs to be hoisted
var fieldType = typeMap.SubstituteType(local.Type).Type;
LocalDebugId id;
int slotIndex = -1;
if (isDebugBuild)
{
// Calculate local debug id.
//
// EnC: When emitting the baseline (gen 0) the id is stored in a custom debug information attached to the kickoff method.
// When emitting a delta the id is only used to map to the existing field in the previous generation.
SyntaxNode declaratorSyntax = local.GetDeclaratorSyntax();
int syntaxOffset = method.CalculateLocalSyntaxOffset(LambdaUtilities.GetDeclaratorPosition(declaratorSyntax), declaratorSyntax.SyntaxTree);
int ordinal = synthesizedLocalOrdinals.AssignLocalOrdinal(synthesizedKind, syntaxOffset);
id = new LocalDebugId(syntaxOffset, ordinal);
// map local id to the previous id, if available:
int previousSlotIndex;
if (mapToPreviousFields && slotAllocatorOpt.TryGetPreviousHoistedLocalSlotIndex(
declaratorSyntax,
F.ModuleBuilderOpt.Translate(fieldType, declaratorSyntax, diagnostics.DiagnosticBag),
synthesizedKind,
id,
diagnostics.DiagnosticBag,
out previousSlotIndex))
{
slotIndex = previousSlotIndex;
}
}
else
{
id = LocalDebugId.None;
}
if (slotIndex == -1)
{
slotIndex = nextFreeHoistedLocalSlot++;
}
string fieldName = GeneratedNames.MakeHoistedLocalFieldName(synthesizedKind, slotIndex, local.Name);
field = F.StateMachineField(fieldType, fieldName, new LocalSlotDebugInfo(synthesizedKind, id), slotIndex);
}
if (field != null)
{
proxiesBuilder.Add(local, new CapturedToStateMachineFieldReplacement(field, isReusable: false));
}
}
else
{
var parameter = (ParameterSymbol)variable;
if (parameter.IsThis)
{
var containingType = method.ContainingType;
var proxyField = F.StateMachineField(containingType, GeneratedNames.ThisProxyFieldName(), isPublic: true, isThis: true);
proxiesBuilder.Add(parameter, new CapturedToStateMachineFieldReplacement(proxyField, isReusable: false));
if (PreserveInitialParameterValuesAndThreadId)
{
var initialThis = containingType.IsStructType() ?
F.StateMachineField(containingType, GeneratedNames.StateMachineThisParameterProxyName(), isPublic: true, isThis: true) : proxyField;
initialParameters.Add(parameter, new CapturedToStateMachineFieldReplacement(initialThis, isReusable: false));
}
}
else
{
// The field needs to be public iff it is initialized directly from the kickoff method
// (i.e. not for IEnumerable which loads the values from parameter proxies).
var proxyField = F.StateMachineField(typeMap.SubstituteType(parameter.Type).Type, parameter.Name, isPublic: !PreserveInitialParameterValuesAndThreadId);
proxiesBuilder.Add(parameter, new CapturedToStateMachineFieldReplacement(proxyField, isReusable: false));
if (PreserveInitialParameterValuesAndThreadId)
{
var field = F.StateMachineField(typeMap.SubstituteType(parameter.Type).Type, GeneratedNames.StateMachineParameterProxyFieldName(parameter.Name), isPublic: true);
initialParameters.Add(parameter, new CapturedToStateMachineFieldReplacement(field, isReusable: false));
}
}
}
}
proxies = proxiesBuilder;
}
private bool ShouldPreallocateNonReusableProxy(LocalSymbol local)
{
var synthesizedKind = local.SynthesizedKind;
var optimizationLevel = F.Compilation.Options.OptimizationLevel;
// do not preallocate proxy fields for user defined locals in release
// otherwise we will be allocating fields for all locals even when fields can be reused
// see https://github.com/dotnet/roslyn/issues/15290
if (optimizationLevel == OptimizationLevel.Release && synthesizedKind == SynthesizedLocalKind.UserDefined)
{
return false;
}
return !synthesizedKind.IsSlotReusable(optimizationLevel);
}
private BoundStatement GenerateKickoffMethodBody()
{
F.CurrentFunction = method;
var bodyBuilder = ArrayBuilder<BoundStatement>.GetInstance();
var frameType = method.IsGenericMethod ? stateMachineType.Construct(method.TypeArgumentsWithAnnotations, unbound: false) : stateMachineType;
LocalSymbol stateMachineVariable = F.SynthesizedLocal(frameType, null);
InitializeStateMachine(bodyBuilder, frameType, stateMachineVariable);
// plus code to initialize all of the parameter proxies result.proxy
var proxies = PreserveInitialParameterValuesAndThreadId ? initialParameters : nonReusableLocalProxies;
bodyBuilder.Add(GenerateStateMachineCreation(stateMachineVariable, frameType, proxies));
return F.Block(
ImmutableArray.Create(stateMachineVariable),
bodyBuilder.ToImmutableAndFree());
}
protected BoundStatement GenerateParameterStorage(LocalSymbol stateMachineVariable, IReadOnlyDictionary<Symbol, CapturedSymbolReplacement> proxies)
{
var bodyBuilder = ArrayBuilder<BoundStatement>.GetInstance();
// starting with the "this" proxy
if (!method.IsStatic)
{
Debug.Assert((object)method.ThisParameter != null);
CapturedSymbolReplacement proxy;
if (proxies.TryGetValue(method.ThisParameter, out proxy))
{
var leftExpression = proxy.Replacement(
F.Syntax,
static (frameType1, arg) => arg.F.Local(arg.stateMachineVariable),
(F, stateMachineVariable));
bodyBuilder.Add(F.Assignment(leftExpression, F.This()));
}
}
foreach (var parameter in method.Parameters)
{
CapturedSymbolReplacement proxy;
if (proxies.TryGetValue(parameter, out proxy))
{
var leftExpression = proxy.Replacement(
F.Syntax,
static (frameType1, arg) => arg.F.Local(arg.stateMachineVariable),
(F, stateMachineVariable));
bodyBuilder.Add(F.Assignment(leftExpression, F.Parameter(parameter)));
}
}
var builtBody = bodyBuilder.ToImmutableAndFree();
return F.Block(builtBody);
}
protected SynthesizedImplementationMethod OpenMethodImplementation(
MethodSymbol methodToImplement,
string methodName = null,
bool hasMethodBodyDependency = false)
{
var result = new SynthesizedStateMachineDebuggerHiddenMethod(methodName, methodToImplement, (StateMachineTypeSymbol)F.CurrentType, null, hasMethodBodyDependency);
F.ModuleBuilderOpt.AddSynthesizedDefinition(F.CurrentType, result.GetCciAdapter());
F.CurrentFunction = result;
return result;
}
protected MethodSymbol OpenPropertyImplementation(MethodSymbol getterToImplement)
{
var prop = new SynthesizedStateMachineProperty(getterToImplement, (StateMachineTypeSymbol)F.CurrentType);
F.ModuleBuilderOpt.AddSynthesizedDefinition(F.CurrentType, prop.GetCciAdapter());
var getter = prop.GetMethod;
F.ModuleBuilderOpt.AddSynthesizedDefinition(F.CurrentType, getter.GetCciAdapter());
F.CurrentFunction = getter;
return getter;
}
protected SynthesizedImplementationMethod OpenMoveNextMethodImplementation(MethodSymbol methodToImplement)
{
var result = new SynthesizedStateMachineMoveNextMethod(methodToImplement, (StateMachineTypeSymbol)F.CurrentType);
F.ModuleBuilderOpt.AddSynthesizedDefinition(F.CurrentType, result.GetCciAdapter());
F.CurrentFunction = result;
return result;
}
/// <summary>
/// Produce Environment.CurrentManagedThreadId if available, otherwise CurrentThread.ManagedThreadId
/// </summary>
protected BoundExpression MakeCurrentThreadId()
{
Debug.Assert(CanGetThreadId());
// .NET Core has removed the Thread class. We can get the managed thread id by making a call to
// Environment.CurrentManagedThreadId. If that method is not present (pre 4.5) fall back to the old behavior.
var currentManagedThreadIdProperty = (PropertySymbol)F.WellKnownMember(WellKnownMember.System_Environment__CurrentManagedThreadId, isOptional: true);
if ((object)currentManagedThreadIdProperty != null)
{
MethodSymbol currentManagedThreadIdMethod = currentManagedThreadIdProperty.GetMethod;
if ((object)currentManagedThreadIdMethod != null)
{
return F.Call(null, currentManagedThreadIdMethod);
}
}
return F.Property(F.Property(WellKnownMember.System_Threading_Thread__CurrentThread), WellKnownMember.System_Threading_Thread__ManagedThreadId);
}
/// <summary>
/// Generate the GetEnumerator() method for iterators and GetAsyncEnumerator() for async-iterators.
/// </summary>
protected SynthesizedImplementationMethod GenerateIteratorGetEnumerator(MethodSymbol getEnumeratorMethod, ref BoundExpression managedThreadId, StateMachineState initialState)
{
// Produces:
// {StateMachineType} result;
// if (this.initialThreadId == {managedThreadId} && this.state == -2)
// {
// this.state = {initialState};
// extraReset
// result = this;
// }
// else
// {
// result = new {StateMachineType}({initialState});
// }
//
// result.parameter = this.parameterProxy; // OR more complex initialization for async-iterator parameter marked with [EnumeratorCancellation]
// The implementation doesn't depend on the method body of the iterator method.
// Only on its parameters and staticness.
var getEnumerator = OpenMethodImplementation(
getEnumeratorMethod,
hasMethodBodyDependency: false);
var bodyBuilder = ArrayBuilder<BoundStatement>.GetInstance();
// {StateMachineType} result;
var resultVariable = F.SynthesizedLocal(stateMachineType, null);
// result = new {StateMachineType}({initialState})
BoundStatement makeIterator = F.Assignment(F.Local(resultVariable), F.New(stateMachineType.Constructor, F.Literal(initialState)));
var thisInitialized = F.GenerateLabel("thisInitialized");
if ((object)initialThreadIdField != null)
{
managedThreadId = MakeCurrentThreadId();
var thenBuilder = ArrayBuilder<BoundStatement>.GetInstance(4);
GenerateResetInstance(thenBuilder, initialState);
thenBuilder.Add(
// result = this;
F.Assignment(F.Local(resultVariable), F.This()));
if (method.IsStatic || method.ThisParameter.Type.IsReferenceType)
{
// if this is a reference type, no need to copy it since it is not assignable
thenBuilder.Add(
// goto thisInitialized;
F.Goto(thisInitialized));
}
makeIterator = F.If(
// if (this.state == -2 && this.initialThreadId == Thread.CurrentThread.ManagedThreadId)
condition: F.LogicalAnd(
F.IntEqual(F.Field(F.This(), stateField), F.Literal(StateMachineState.FinishedState)),
F.IntEqual(F.Field(F.This(), initialThreadIdField), managedThreadId)),
thenClause: F.Block(thenBuilder.ToImmutableAndFree()),
elseClauseOpt: makeIterator);
}
bodyBuilder.Add(makeIterator);
// Initialize all the parameter copies
var copySrc = initialParameters;
var copyDest = nonReusableLocalProxies;
if (!method.IsStatic)
{
// starting with "this"
CapturedSymbolReplacement proxy;
if (copyDest.TryGetValue(method.ThisParameter, out proxy))
{
var leftExpression = proxy.Replacement(
F.Syntax,
static (stateMachineType, arg) => arg.F.Local(arg.resultVariable),
(F, resultVariable));
var rightExpression = copySrc[method.ThisParameter].Replacement(F.Syntax, static (stateMachineType, F) => F.This(), F);
bodyBuilder.Add(F.Assignment(leftExpression, rightExpression));
}
}
bodyBuilder.Add(F.Label(thisInitialized));
foreach (var parameter in method.Parameters)
{
CapturedSymbolReplacement proxy;
if (copyDest.TryGetValue(parameter, out proxy))
{
// result.parameter
BoundExpression resultParameter = proxy.Replacement(
F.Syntax,
static (stateMachineType, arg) => arg.F.Local(arg.resultVariable),
(F, resultVariable));
// this.parameterProxy
BoundExpression parameterProxy = copySrc[parameter].Replacement(F.Syntax, static (stateMachineType, F) => F.This(), F);
BoundStatement copy = InitializeParameterField(getEnumeratorMethod, parameter, resultParameter, parameterProxy);
bodyBuilder.Add(copy);
}
}
bodyBuilder.Add(F.Return(F.Local(resultVariable)));
F.CloseMethod(F.Block(ImmutableArray.Create(resultVariable), bodyBuilder.ToImmutableAndFree()));
return getEnumerator;
}
/// <summary>
/// Generate logic to reset the current instance (rather than creating a new instance)
/// </summary>
protected virtual void GenerateResetInstance(ArrayBuilder<BoundStatement> builder, StateMachineState initialState)
{
builder.Add(
// this.state = {initialState};
F.Assignment(F.Field(F.This(), stateField), F.Literal(initialState)));
}
protected virtual BoundStatement InitializeParameterField(MethodSymbol getEnumeratorMethod, ParameterSymbol parameter, BoundExpression resultParameter, BoundExpression parameterProxy)
{
Debug.Assert(!method.IsIterator || !method.IsAsync); // an override handles async-iterators
// result.parameter = this.parameterProxy;
return F.Assignment(resultParameter, parameterProxy);
}
/// <summary>
/// Returns true if either Thread.ManagedThreadId or Environment.CurrentManagedThreadId are available
/// </summary>
protected bool CanGetThreadId()
{
return (object)F.WellKnownMember(WellKnownMember.System_Threading_Thread__ManagedThreadId, isOptional: true) != null ||
(object)F.WellKnownMember(WellKnownMember.System_Environment__CurrentManagedThreadId, isOptional: true) != null;
}
}
}
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